Search Results for leadership

Abstract

This research adopts a model that is reflected in its main objective on studying the concept of ethical leadership and its role in improving the performance of teaching staff in relation to ethical leadership behaviors and proving its relationship to teacher commitment.

 To achieve this, the research scale was built based on the dimensions of ethical leadership and performance by constructing a questionnaire (research tool), which consists of 20 questions divided equally on each dimension, which was aimed first at the perception of ethical leadership and the factors that affect ethical leadership as well, as well as improving performance among The research sample. The research presents the fundamental importance in exploring the perception of the teaching staff in the judiciary of knowledge of ethical leadership practices and their role in improving their performance and to what extent the dimensions of ethical leadership or behaviors and influence on their ethical leadership practice are related. In order to reach the objectives of the study, by relying on the analytical descriptive approach, the data was collected in a comprehensive inventory method, as it was applied to the teaching staff in a number of schools in the district of science in Salah al-Din governorate, which represents the research community. The number of distributed questionnaires reached (140) questionnaires, (112) of them, or 80%, which represents the approved sample of the study valid for statistical analysis, and it was analyzed according to the statistical analysis program SPSS.V22, based on the statistical indicators (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage of difference factor and T-test).

The study came out with several conclusions, the most important of which is that: (a) ethical leadership positively affects the performance of teaching staff, (b) school leadership plays a positive role in promoting ethical behaviors among its educational cadres, and the study made several recommendations, including: Strengthening the moral qualities represented by justice, cooperation, firmness and trust Self-leadership of the surveyed schools as it governs their relationship with others and improves the level of individual and overall performance in the organization.

Abstract

Entrepreneurial leadership is considered one of the key factors that contribute to organizational success and foster innovation and creativity within organizations. This research is an analytical study examining the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on creative work behavior at the University of the Future in Babel Governorate. The study aims to understand the role of entrepreneurial leadership in enhancing a creative work environment and motivating employees to innovate and create, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of the organization.

The research is based on the analysis of field data collected through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of faculty members and staff at the University of the Future. The questionnaire was designed to include several aspects related to entrepreneurial leadership practices, such as strategic vision, inspiration, trust, and communication, as well as their impact on employees' creative work behavior. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods for the study.

The results of the study revealed that entrepreneurial leadership plays a pivotal role in promoting creativity and innovation within the university. The application of entrepreneurial leadership dimensions positively contributed to improving collaboration and interaction among employees, motivating them to offer innovative ideas and solutions in the university’s work environment. The study also confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and creative work behavior, indicating that entrepreneurial leadership effectively drives employees toward adopting more creative work methods.

Moreover, the study found that entrepreneurial leadership requires the availability of certain fundamental factors, such as strategic vision, inspiration, mutual trust between leaders and employees, and effective communication. These factors help create a work environment that enables employees to think creatively and present innovative solutions that contribute to organizational development.

In conclusion, the study recommends enhancing the concept of entrepreneurial leadership at the University of the Future by implementing training and development programs targeted at academic leaders to strengthen entrepreneurial leadership skills. The study also recommends focusing on key leadership dimensions, such as improving internal communication between different departments and enhancing the strategic vision, to create a sustainable and creative work environment.

Abstract

During times of economic volatility and in the process of administrative reform in post-conflict situations, strong leadership is essential to building a resilient workforce. To tackle this, the current study seeks to examine the effects of ethical leadership on “organizational citizenship behavior” (OCB) with corporate “social responsibility” (CSR) as a mediator in the private banking sector in Iraq. The research adopts a quantitative approach with the use of survey data from 229 banking professionals and is based on “Social Exchange and Social Identity theories”. The conceptual pathways were tested using variance-based structural equation modeling, which was performed using SmartPLS 4. The results of the analyses strongly favor the proposed model, showing that ethical leadership has a significant positive impact on employees' perceptions of CSR initiatives and their engagement in discretionary citizenship behaviors. Moreover, CSR was observed to have a great impact on OCB. Importantly, the findings proved that CSR is a powerful mediator, which means that ethical leaders provoke citizenship behaviors by developing a socially responsible organizational climate. The study fills a significant gap in the literature because it tests a mediation model in a less-studied context of the Iraqi banking sector. It offers administrative lessons to policymakers and bank executives, indicating that the strategic need to invest in ethical leadership and true CSR activities is not only a moral requirement but a strategic need to increase sustainable employability and fight against economic adversities.

Abstract

Theoretical Framework:

This study addressed the phenomenon of quiet quitting as a behavior manifested in employees performing only the minimum required work without showing additional commitment or initiative. This phenomenon is linked to causes such as burnout, lack of appreciation, and the absence of career advancement opportunities, making it a direct threat to employee engagement and organizational performance stability. The study aimed to explore the relationship between the dimensions of digital leadership and the dimensions of quiet quitting among the employees of Al-Maram Advertising Company.

Objective:

The study aimed to test the hypotheses regarding the relationship and impact between the dimensions of digital leadership — namely (digital leaders' competence, digital leaders' capability, organizational structure, and organizational strategy) — and the dimensions of quiet quitting — represented by (work overload, unfair compensation, poor work environment, and lack of career advancement opportunities). It also sought to analyze how digital leadership contributes to reducing levels of quiet quitting.

Methodology:

The study employed a quantitative analysis based on questionnaires distributed to employees of Al-Maram Advertising Company, with data collected from 48 employees in addition to interviews with senior and middle management. A structural model was designed to illustrate the direct effects of each digital leadership dimension on quiet quitting.

Findings:

The study revealed a statistically significant inverse relationship between all dimensions of digital leadership (competence, capability, structure, and strategy) and manifestations of quiet quitting among Al-Maram employees. Collectively, digital leadership accounted for 92% of the variance in quiet quitting (R² = 0.922), with digital leaders' competence having the strongest effect (β = -0.755). While the contributions of the other dimensions were smaller, they remained statistically significant. The results confirm that enhancing digital leadership practices effectively reduces the likelihood of employees’ psychological withdrawal.

Recommendations:

The study recommended that Al-Maram Advertising Company focus on improving digital leaders’ competence through specialized training programs in digital leadership, and activates clear strategies for leveraging technology in communication and motivation. It also advised restructuring the work environment to align with digital transformation requirements. Moreover, the study recommended developing clear promotion and recognition policies to ensure employee motivation and reduce the likelihood of quiet quitting, thereby enhancing employee engagement and sustaining the company’s high performance.

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the role of sustainable local leadership in enhancing prosperity indicators according to the Legatum Prosperity Index, through an analytical study at the Karbala Provincial Council. The research is based on the hypothesis that adopting sustainable leadership practices contributes to improving the work environment, enhancing social capital, and supporting the sustainability of organizational development within local government institutions. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 130 employees at the Karbala Provincial Council, using a five-point Likert scale. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 22 and SmartPLS software to test the research hypotheses and measure the relationships between its variables. The sustainable local leadership variable was measured across five dimensions: diversity, organizational justice, employee development, advancement and orientation, and work-life balance. Prosperity was measured based on the dimensions of the Legatum Prosperity Index. The results showed a strong and statistically significant positive effect of sustainable local leadership on enhancing prosperity indicators, with an effect size of β = 0.825 and high explanatory power for the model. This underscores that sustainable leadership practices are crucial for improving organizational performance and fostering the prosperity of organizations and communities. The findings also indicated that the employee development dimension had the greatest impact compared to the other dimensions. The research recommends that local leaders adopt sustainable leadership practices based on organizational justice, human resource development, and a supportive work environment. This will contribute to achieving sustainable development and improving the quality of public services within the framework of the Legatum Prosperity Index.

Abstract

          The research aims, in general, to know the extent of the importance of authentic leadership and its role in enhancing the productive organizational energy in the Directorate of Passport Affairs in Baghdad, as the research problem indicated that there is a kind of weakness among the leadership of the Directorate, and this is reflected in turn negatively on strengthening the productive organizational energy in it, so the research seeks To introduce the leaders of the community subject of the research to the importance of employing the positive leadership style (Authentic leadership) with its four dimensions (Self-awareness, Ethical perspective, Transparent relations, Balanced treatment) in order to enhance the organizational energy produced in it, Hence the importance of the research in trying to give a set of solutions that would address the problems of the researched organization as far as it relates to the research variables. Adopting the method of direct observation during the visits that the researchers made to the directorate, and the research community included the senior and middle administrative leaders in the directorate, represented by (the general manager, heads of departments, assistant heads of departments, officials of the divisions). And that is based on the intentional sampling method that included the senior and middle leaders in it, as the researchers distributed (82) questionnaires to the community to be studied, and (75) questionnaires were retrieved, of which (4) were not valid for statistical analysis, so that the number of questionnaires became (71), a questionnaire that represented The research community to be studied, and the two researchers relied on completing the practical aspect of the research on the statistical package (SPSS V.23). direct, while the balanced treatment achieved the highest correlation and effect on the level of variable dimensions.                                                                                                    

Kye Words: Authentic leadership, Productive organizational energy, Directorate of passports affairs\ Baghdad

Abstract

A major global reform movement has emerged in the last decades of the twentieth century, encompassing a range of political, economic and social aspects. The collapse of national borders, the globalization of economic activities and transactions, increased competition and free trade, the collapse of the economic structure, and the high rates of poverty and unemployment in developing countries are all consequences of this trend, which coincided with rapid changes in the global economy. This reform has been called for by a number of international agencies and organizations, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. As one of the most important concerns of global decision-makers, led by the United Nations, the problem of sustainable human development and effective leadership has gained great attention. As a result, the idea of ​​sustainable human development has been linked to good leadership, good governance and effective leadership, and even aid and grants provided to developing countries are now linked to the extent to which these countries adhere to and respect democratic standards, good governance and effective leadership.

Abstract

This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of entrepreneurial strategic leadership on achieving institutional excellence through a field study at Al-Husayniya General Hospital. The study stemmed from the problem of some institutions' weak adoption of modern leadership styles that combine strategic vision, innovation, and initiative, which may negatively affect their institutional performance and ability to achieve sustainable excellence. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, and a questionnaire was designed as the primary data collection tool. (132) questionnaires were distributed to a sample of hospital administrators, department heads, and unit managers, and (102) questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of (77%). Of these, (89) questionnaires were deemed valid for statistical analysis. The study concluded that there is a statistically significant correlation between entrepreneurial strategic leadership and institutional excellence. Furthermore, the results showed a significant positive impact of entrepreneurial strategic leadership, in its various dimensions, on achieving institutional excellence. The results confirmed that the adoption of a clear strategic vision by administrative leaders, the promotion of a culture of innovation, and the encouragement of initiative and calculated risk-taking effectively contribute to improving institutional performance, raising the quality of services, and enhancing the institution's competitiveness. The study recommended the necessity of strengthening entrepreneurial strategic leadership practices within healthcare institutions by developing the skills of administrative leaders, disseminating a culture of innovation, and adopting organizational policies that support institutional excellence, thereby contributing to achieving sustainability and organizational superiority.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of digital entrepreneurship as a mediating variable in the relationship between smart leadership and the strategic ambidexterity of human resources in a number of software and smart application companies in Najaf Governorate. The study is based on the assumption that smart leadership, with its dimensions (emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and rational intelligence), represents a modern approach to enhancing the strategic capabilities of human resources; however, its impact is strengthened through the adoption of digital entrepreneurship practices within the organization. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach with an exploratory orientation. The research population consisted of 93 employees across ten companies, while the sample included 70 respondents, representing a 75% response rate. Data were collected באמצעות a questionnaire based on established scientific scales and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to test the relationships of influence and the mediating role. The results revealed a significant positive effect of smart leadership on the strategic ambidexterity of human resources, as well as a significant effect of smart leadership on enhancing digital entrepreneurship. The findings also indicated that digital entrepreneurship strengthens the relationship between smart leadership and strategic ambidexterity, reflecting its partial mediating role. Furthermore, the results confirmed that adopting digital entrepreneurship practices enhances the ability of human resources to explore and exploit opportunities, thereby supporting the achievement of strategic excellence for organizations.

Abstract

The purpose of the current study is to know the nature of the relationship between soft leadership and dignity in the workplace for a sample of employees of the Babylon branch of the Textile Industries Company. Using the stratified random sampling method, the researchers distributed 134 questionnaires to a number of employees of the Babylon branch of the Textile Industries Company. The number of returned questionnaires was 131, while the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (128) questionnaires, at a rate of (97%). Then the data were analyzed using both SPSS v.23 statistical programs. The review of previous literature showed that there is no explanation for the nature of the relationship between soft leadership and dignity in the workplace in organizations in general and in the organization under study in particular. The results showed the existence of an effect between the study variables, which is the existence of a direct effect of soft leadership on dignity in the workplace, as well as a link between soft leadership and dignity in the workplace. Due to the lack of studies that attempted to know the nature of the relationship between (soft leadership, dignity in the workplace), this study came to address a realistic problem that directly affects the organizational environment of a sample of employees of the Textile Industries Company, Babylon branch.

Abstract

    The research aimed to test and know the role that digital leadership plays in individual work performance within the framework of the interactive role of knowledge sharing behavior, as the research problem centers on scientists’ belief that the COVID-19 virus may be with us for decades or more, and data and information were collected about the selected sample through the questionnaire. Which is considered a main tool in this research, as the sample included members of the teaching staff in a number of universities and private colleges in the Middle Euphrates region, amounting to (312) individuals. In order to support the relationship between these variables from a theoretical perspective, the study relied on measuring the digital leadership variable on a scale that includes: Five dimensions (visionary leadership, learning culture in the digital age, excellence in professional practice, systemic improvement, and digital citizenship), and as for the knowledge sharing behavior variable, a scale was adopted that includes four dimensions (written contributions, organizational communications, personal interactions, and communities of practice) While the study adopted a scale that includes four dimensions to measure individual work performance (task performance, contextual performance, adaptive performance, and adverse work behavior), the descriptive analytical approach was adopted in presenting and interpreting the information for the research, and for the purpose of analyzing and processing the data statistically, a group of Descriptive statistical measures, Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling, and modified analysis. These methods were used through the statistical program (Spss.25, Amos.25). The most prominent conclusions are that the knowledge sharing behavior in some universities and private colleges, the study sample, is The field aspect would enhance the impact of digital leadership on individual work performance, and this means the presence of knowledge sharing behavior in the field alongside digital leadership that would contribute to individual work performance in these private universities.

Abstract

In the midst of the turbulent waves of the digital revolution that are reshaping the face of the contemporary world and the innovative methods that have resulted in business management and the formulation of services, digital leadership has emerged as a driving force and a fundamental driver of the wheel of digital transformation within the corridors of institutions, and this importance is clearly manifested in the financial sector, which is the most responsive to the call of technology, and from this point of view, our research seeks to explore the role that digital entrepreneurship plays in accelerating the pace of digital transformation, taking from the branch of Qi Card Company in Babil Governorate is a living example of research because of the weight of this company in the Iraqi financial system and its role in promoting financial inclusion and supporting electronic financial services, In the midst of the turbulent digital revolution that is reshaping the face of the modern world, digital leadership has emerged as a driving force and a key driver for accelerating digital transformation within organizations, particularly in the financial sector, which is one of the most technologically responsive. From this perspective, this research aims to clarify the impact of digital leadership in accelerating digital transformation within Qi Card – Babylon Branch, as one of the leading institutions in the field of electronic financial services in Iraq, The research adopted the descriptive-analytical method, and the data were collected in the field through a questionnaire distributed to (50) employees of the company, and (45) questionnaires valid for statistical analysis were retrieved. The data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS), through the application of descriptive analysis methods, correlation coefficient testing, and linear regression analysis to measure the strength of the impact between the research variables, and the results showed that there is a direct moral impact of digital leadership in accelerating digital transformation within Qi Card – Babylon Branch, which emphasizes the importance of adopting digital leadership practices in enhancing institutional performance and achieving competitive excellence in a rapidly changing digital environment.

Abstract

This study aims to highlight the role of digital leadership in enhancing the capabilities of hotel organizations to confront crises. The main objective of the study is to identify the extent and nature of the relationship between the independent variable (digital leadership) and the dependent variable (crisis management styles). The research problem emerged from the main question: "Is there an impact of digital leadership in hotel organizations on enhancing crisis management styles in five-star hotels in Basra Governorate?" A hypothetical model was presented to test the main and sub-hypotheses and to answer the research questions. The study field consists of five-star hotels, while the study population includes managers and employees of hotel organizations in Basra, represented by (Shams Al-Basra Hotel, Basra International Hotel, Horizon Hotel, and Grand Millennium Basra Hotel). A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool, distributed manually, and all forms were valid for analysis, with 40 completed forms. The descriptive-analytical approach was used to analyze the collected data, employing several statistical methods. The results of the study indicated that the results of the simple linear regression test for the second main hypothesis showed that the dimension with the greatest explanatory power for the changes occurring in the dependent variable (crisis management) is the digital guidance dimension, with an explanatory coefficient of (23.4%), followed by the digital insight dimension with an explanatory coefficient of (17.5%), and finally the digital competence dimension with an explanatory coefficient of (14.4%).

Abstract

 The current research aims to clarify the role that psychological ownership, through its dimensions, plays in reducing the effects of toxic leadership, through its dimensions, in the Ministry of Industry and Minerals. The research started from a basic problem represented by the following question (using psychological ownership and its application in reducing the negative effects of toxic leadership), The researcher used the descriptive analytical method and used various statistical tools in the statistical program (SPSS V.23) to analyze the relationship between the main research variables, answer the main question, and verify the hypotheses. These methods include (regression coefficients, correlation coefficients, averages, standard deviations, and variances). In addition, various graphs and charts were used to illustrate the relationship between the research variables and their sub-dimensions. The sample was randomly selected from workers in some selected companies affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Baghdad, and the sample size reached 124 individuals. One of the most important results is that there is an effect of the psychological ownership variable, based on the four dimensions, in reducing toxic leadership behaviors in its five dimensions. Psychological ownership, stemming from individuals' feelings of ownership and connection, affects attitudes and behaviors in various contexts, including toxic leadership. The consequences of these behaviors can be harmful to individuals and organizations if left unaddressed.

Abstract

The current study dealt with the issue of narcissistic leadership and its impact on organizational citizenship behavior. The level of the two variables was tested and studied in the Babel Education Directorate, and the research was applied to a sample of (105) individuals. The current research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool for collecting data and information.

The research sought to test the correlation relationships and influence relationships between the research variables. It has been based on empirical measures from previous studies, using a variety of statistical tools to analyze and process data and information using the necessary statistical packages through the simple correlation matrix, simple regression analysis and structural modeling equation to test the study hypotheses and the program (SPSS vr.23).

The research reached a set of results, including the high level of the two main variables (narcissistic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior) and the presence of significant correlations between them, and the presence of a significant effect of narcissistic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, The behavior of organizational citizenship with its combined dimensions, which requires the management of the organization in question to choose leaders who stay away from this type of leadership, These results are in agreement with the research hypotheses.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the role of strategic leadership in promoting digital transformation processes within Iraqi Ministry of Trade public companies. The research problem stemmed from the challenges these companies face in keeping pace with the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the need for forward-looking leadership to transcend rigid, traditional structures. The strategic leadership variable encompassed the dimensions of strategic vision, ethical practices, organizational culture, human capital, and core competencies, while digital transformation was measured across the dimensions of technologies, activities, boundaries, and objectives. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and was conducted within Iraqi Ministry of Trade companies. A purposive sample of 352 administrative leaders (general manager, assistant general manager, department manager, and division head) was selected. To analyze the data, the statistical software SPSS v.26 and Amos v.25 were used, employing advanced statistical methods such as Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), path analysis, and validity and reliability tests. The study reached several conclusions, most notably the significant impact of strategic leadership on the dimensions of digital transformation. Core competencies and strategic vision emerged as the strongest drivers for developing activities and expanding the organization's digital boundaries. Based on these findings, the study recommended that leaders invest in enhancing human capital and localizing modern technologies as an indispensable strategic option to ensure competitive sustainability in the evolving digital environment.

Abstract

The current research aims to test the relationship between Ambidextrous leadership behaviors and innovation in the workplace at Karbala University (some colleges of Karbala University). Often such environments lack organizational creativity due to the work routine followed, Ambidextrous leadership behaviors were tested through two types of behaviors, which are open behaviors and closed behaviors, while innovation in the workplace was tested through four dimensions. It is (individual innovation, group innovation, organizational innovation, innovation climate), To achieve the research goal, and based on the researchers' exploratory research data, a hypothetical model was adopted for the research that included the independent variable and the dependent variable, and depending on the model movement, two hypotheses were formulated, to test the validity of the hypotheses and collect information from the research sample (88) members of the faculty in the College of Administration and Economics The Faculty of Tourism and the College of Education, and the research adopted the questionnaire as a main tool to obtain the required data, and used the (Spss v.25) and (Smartpls) program to analyze the results, The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is a clear weakness in adopting the behaviors of skilled leadership as well as creating a climate for creativity at work. Traditional and those related to research, development and innovation through developing their skills in training and development courses

Abstract

This research aims to identify the role of strategic leadership, through its dimensions (clarity of strategic direction, rational use of authority, and ethical and value framework), in achieving outstanding performance in the private universities included in the research sample. (153) valid questionnaires were distributed to the research sample, which included senior and middle management. The data were processed and analyzed using several statistical methods, most notably (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression) using the SPSS V28 statistical software. One of the most important conclusions reached by the research is the existence of a statistically significant correlation between strategic leadership (with its three dimensions: clarity of strategic direction, rational use of authority, and ethical and value framework) and the level of outstanding performance in private universities. This indicates that adopting these dimensions contributes to enhancing the universities' ability to improve their focus on beneficiaries, develop their internal processes, and improve their human resource management as key inputs for institutional excellence. The research recommends the necessity of adopting an integrated strategic leadership system in private universities, based on developing clear and updated documents and strategies, promoting organized delegation of powers, establishing the ethical framework, building leadership and human capacities, and supporting a culture of innovation and continuous improvement, in a way that contributes to raising the levels of institutional performance and achieving excellence in the higher education environment.     

Abstract

The current research confirms the importance of promoting ethical behavior and the extent of its impact in anchoring in organizational values and all decisions made by organizations, the ability of the organization to provide sustainable, high-quality services, on the one hand, and the need for the organization’s values to be in line with the ambitious values of employees on the other hand, and the result is high performance. And present behaviors that benefit and do not harm others. Therefore, the research has dealt with two important variables, the first being moral ethcial leadership through its dimensions (justice, integrity, directing behavior, clarity of role, power sharing, concern for sustainability) .As for the second variable, organizational values have adopted the dimensions (quality in values, innovation of values, responsibility for values, and values. Organizational values of customers and organizational values of employees), and the research started from a problem expressed with a number of questions, including whether moral leadership exists among university leaders and can you use positive behaviors and ethical practices to consolidate these organizational values in the universities under study? A intended sample was chosen, represented by (64) members of university leaders who hold senior leadership positions in a number of Iraqi universities that were chosen to implement the study, and the research drew on a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that ethical leaders have qualities and characteristics that depend on the social philosophy that relates to the mind, heart and soul. The soul is to be a tool in building a balanced emotional personality, as it searches for means and not ends, as for the most important recommendations for university leaders to pay attention to the sustainability and preservation of relations between employees, seek attention to environmental and technological changes, provide the appropriate organizational climate, follow a work context and take into account the prevailing societal values as a source of intellectual and scientific radiation To reach good performance to support its position in the community, and the continuous urge to adopt professional behavior and interest in building a clear vision that consolidates organizational values in the universities in question

Abstract

The research mainly seeks to strengthen the relationship between the variables of the current study represented by skillful leadership with its dimensions (open and closed) and administrative creativity represented by its dimensions (Originality، flexibility، fluency، feeling the problem، the ability to analyze) to identify the role it plays within the directorates of education in Iraq.

The study population is represented by the directorates of the Iraqi Ministry of Education، and due to the difficulty of determining the total number of the study community، the research sample was deliberately selected on the basis of the administrative positions in the General Directorate of Vocational Education / Iraq on the members of the community، who are managers، their assistants، department managers and divisions، as they are academically and professionally qualified and represent the level of senior and middle management that leads Work and workers in the directorate

After the researcher analyzed the data and tested the hypotheses, the main conclusion was reached and its content is: “There is a role for skilled leadership in its dimensions (open and closed) on administrative creativity represented by the dimensions (authenticity, flexibility, fluency, sense of the problem, ability to analyze) in the Iraqi education directorates. It was adopted the researcher used the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data from the sample. The total sample amounted to (195) individuals. The measurement tools represented by the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the statistical description, which includes the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation, were used. Hypotheses were tested based on the simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) and the statistical program was used. (SPSS).

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to highlight how digital leadership, as an explanatory variable, plays a fundamental and decisive role in the success of digital business strategy as a response variable. It is not possible to formulate or implement an effective digital strategy without leadership that possesses a clear digital vision and the ability to direct resources toward digital transformation. The research problem is represented by answering the following question: How can digital leadership at the University of Kufa contribute to the adoption of a digital business strategy? Based on this question, the study gains significant importance by examining the role of digital business strategy and organizational capabilities in achieving successful digital transformation in organizations, particularly in the education sector (with the University of Kufa as the field of study). This study relies on the descriptive-analytical approach. The descriptive method was used to describe the data collected from respondents, while the analytical method was used to analyze it. The study reached several findings, the most important of which is that the University of Kufa shows interest in adopting a digital business strategy, as it is a critical requirement for institutional effectiveness and for achieving an effective transformation toward providing high-quality services focused on the educational environment.

Abstract

Positive leadership has emerged as a prominent concept that has garnered considerable academic attention within organizational management models, owing to its ability to enhance organizational effectiveness by fostering positive values and motivational behavior patterns. Public universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq are increasingly facing organizational challenges due to fluctuating economic and political conditions, which negatively impact their ability to recover and return to normal operations after crises. This study aims to examine the nature of the correlation and causal relationship between positive leadership and organizational recovery in the top-ranked public universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected from a sample of 204 heads of academic departments in these universities using a questionnaire designed to measure the study variables. The researcher utilized a set of statistical techniques to analyze the data using SPSS version 26 for descriptive analyses, while Smart PLS version 4.0.9 was employed to test the relationships between the study variables through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that positive leadership plays a fundamental role in promoting organizational recovery, as it contributes to improving universities’ capacity to confront crises and adapt to changes by fostering a positive work environment that supports creativity, resilience, and adaptability.

Abstract

Strategic human resource planning enables organizations to secure the required human resources in terms of quantity, quality, and timing to achieve their strategic objectives. Achieving high levels of quality, excellence, and organizational performance has become an essential and urgent requirement that organizations can no longer afford to overlook. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the role of strategic human resource planning in developing the leadership pathway at Rafidain Bank. The study aims to assess the level of institutional performance excellence from the perspective of employees at Rafidain Bank in Baghdad and to clarify the relationship between the study variables, namely strategic human resource planning and leadership pathway development.

Abstract

The higher education sector is considered one of the important sectors and is referred to as the vital artery due to its great importance in providing the labor market and state institutions with expertise, skills and human energies. This sector's contribution to the development process by keeping pace with modern technology and sciences and its possession of enormous human competencies, expertise and potential has made this sector a major focus of interest for other sectors. The main purpose of the study is how to maintain the quality of performance and sustainability of quality through sustainable development. A random sample of workers in the higher education sector was taken and the questionnaire was the main tool for data collection, where (235) questionnaires were distributed, of which (192) were valid for use. The (SPSS) and (AMOS) Structural Equation Model (SEM) version (25) were used to analyze the data and results. There is a significant positive statistical relationship between transactional leadership and sustainable development. In addition, there was a significant impact and role of the mediating variable (performance quality) on the relationship between the independent variable (transactional leadership) and the dependent variable (sustainable development (.

Abstract

This research aims to show the effect of conversational leadership in enhancing organizational loyalty at the level of a sample of individuals working in the General Directorate of Education in Babylon. There are three organizational dimensions: emotional loyalty, moral loyalty, and continuous loyalty. The research started with a main problem that included many questions revolving around the nature of the relationship between its field variables, the most important of which was (What is the level of influence of dialogue leadership with its dimensions on organizational loyalty from the point of view of the research sample?) through the research sample, which included a sample of workers in the General Directorate of Education in Babylon The sample of the study was (84) individuals working in that directorate. The questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting data and information needed for research. For the purpose of data analysis and statistical processing, the researcher relied on a set of statistical methods available in the two programs (SPSS V.24 and Amos V.23). , respect, comment, expression) and organizational loyalty in its dimensions (emotional, moral, continuous).In light of the conclusions, a set of recommendations were formulated, most notably enhancing the creative energy of others through expressing an opinion and using the method of brainstorming and creative thinking                  

Abstract

The aim of this research is to know the role of strategic leadership, which was measured by the dimensions (dealing with the situation, managing change, managing communication) in enhancing organizational excellence, which was measured by the dimensions (area of ​​influence, competitive pressure, competitive formation) in the Diwan of Kirkuk Governorate, the research community, as this research was applied to a random sample drawn from the mentioned community with a number of (80) individuals representing the workers in this community. The questionnaire was used as a means for collecting data and information and was distributed to the sample members for the mentioned purpose. This data and information were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS v.20. The results showed a significant correlation between the research variables. The researchers also put forward a number of recommendations, the most important of which was establishing the basic dimensions of strategic leadership as it is one of the important factors that increase and enhance organizational excellence.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of reengineering digital thinking among university leaders and their belief in digital transformation in creating and adopting the smart university, which keeps pace with developments in artificial intelligence and digital tools. These represent some of the most important dimensions of digital transformation in an era in which digitalization has become one of the most significant competitive priorities. University leaders should therefore incorporate digital readiness into their strategic plans to ensure that the university completes the requirements of digital transformation, reaches the stage of becoming a smart university, and moves beyond traditional practices. Given the importance of reengineering leadership mindsets to foster belief in digitalization within higher education institutions and the need for universities to keep pace with rapid technological changes, the study problem was formulated around the question of the extent to which reengineering digital thinking among university leaders contributes to enhancing universities' digital readiness in a manner that supports the adoption of smart university dimensions and the achievement of the requirements of modern university transformation. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. Its population and sample consisted of university leaders, including college deans, assistant deans, and heads of departments. A total of 73 valid responses were obtained for analysis. The study was based on three main variables. The first variable was reengineering digital thinking, comprising the following dimensions: leadership's belief in digital transformation, strategic digital vision, data-driven thinking, rapid responsiveness to digital changes, digital knowledge sharing, and digital skills updating. The second variable was digital readiness, comprising the dimensions of digital foresight, agile organizational structure, digital governance, digital competencies, and digital proactivity. The third variable was the smart university, comprising the dimensions of smart infrastructure, smart education, smart digital administration, smart services, digital innovation, and smart core capabilities of faculty members. The study found a significant correlation and significant effect between reengineering digital thinking and digital readiness. It also revealed a significant effect of digital readiness on the adoption of the smart university. These findings indicate that developing and reengineering digital thinking among university leaders contributes effectively to enhancing the level of digital readiness of universities, which, in turn, positively affects their ability to adopt smart university systems and improve the efficiency of academic and educational performance. The results also demonstrated that strategic digital vision, data-driven thinking, and digital skills updating are among the most influential dimensions in supporting the transition toward the smart university. The study recommends that universities adopt specialized programs for reengineering the digital thinking of university leaders, strengthen digital governance, develop smart infrastructure, invest in developing digital competencies, and foster a culture of digital innovation. Such initiatives would contribute to the transition toward smart universities and enhance their competitiveness and sustainability in the contemporary higher education environment.

Abstract

The research aims to analyze the impact of awareness of organizational dynamics on enhancing strategic positioning, based on the importance of employees’ understanding of the internal and external factors that shape the organizational work environment—such as culture, structure, relationships, and communication—and their reflection on the organization’s ability to define its competitive position effectively and sustainably. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and employed a questionnaire to collect data from Al-Ittihad Food Industries Co. Ltd. in Babil Governorate, with a sample of 262 employees from the company’s sugar refinery plant. The research gap lies in the scarcity of studies that have examined the relationship between awareness of organizational dynamics and strategic positioning in an integrated manner within the Iraqi business environment—particularly in the food industry sector, which faces ongoing market transformations and increasing competition. This context requires a deep organizational awareness that connects culture, structure, leadership, and communication as an interactive dynamic system. The findings indicate a positive and statistically significant correlation and effect between awareness of organizational dynamics and strategic positioning. Higher levels of organizational awareness contribute to improving management’s ability to make effective strategic decisions and strengthen the company’s competitive position in the market. The results also show that flexible organizational culture and adaptive leadership play a key role in achieving higher levels of strategic performance. The research recommends adopting a comprehensive approach to managing organizational dynamics that integrates culture, structure, leadership, and internal communication within a unified strategic vision, thereby enhancing sustainable strategic positioning and contributing to the stability and growth of Iraqi industrial companies.

Abstract

The significant development in information and communication systems among these organizations has presented businesses, particularly their senior leadership, with a major challenge: navigating this intense competition. They have had to seek a deeper vision and more comprehensive thinking, resulting in a strategic direction that defines the organization's path and establishes a general framework for its actions when facing all forms of environmental and organizational changes. This has made organizational commitment particularly important, given its vital nature and its clear link to the success or failure of organizations. Therefore, leadership behavior is an indicator of the effectiveness of leaders' performance and achievements. The skills and capabilities that strategic leaders possess, enabling them to influence the behavior of employees and achieve desired goals, are essential for the success of strategic leadership within an organization. It is therefore crucial to understand the most important roles and qualities of strategic leaders to align with the demands of the current era, and to grasp the main dimensions of job burnout in order to keep pace with rapid developments in all fields.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the extent of the availability of soft skills in the performance of faculty members in Saudi universities from their point of view by applying it to faculty members at Imam Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University and Shaqra University, and to rank the soft skills according to the degree of their importance to them and whether there are statistically significant differences when The level of significance (a=0.05) in the degree of availability of soft skills in their performance is due to the variable of years of teaching or college experience.

The study followed the descriptive approach to achieve its objectives, as the researcher used the questionnaire as the main tool for the study, which contained (43) items distributed over six axes: critical thinking skill, problem solving, time management skill, leadership skill, decision-making skill, teamwork skill, and communication skill

The study concluded that soft skills were highly available in the performance of faculty members at Imam and Share Universities, as the highest arithmetic average for a sub-skill reached (4.85), with a rate of (97%), with a very high degree of availability, while the average for the lowest sub-skill reached (3.61), with a rate of (71%). With a high degree of availability.

 The skill of communication and communication came in first place in terms of its importance with an arithmetic average of (4.42), with a percentage of (88.2%) and a very high degree of availability. It was followed by the teamwork skill in second place with an arithmetic average of (4.28), with a percentage of (86%) and a degree of availability. Very high, while the time management skill came in third place with an arithmetic average of (4.18), with a percentage of (83.5%) and a high degree of availability, and in fourth place came the leadership skill with an arithmetic average of (4.12), with a percentage of (80.1%) and a high degree of availability. The skill of critical thinking and problem solving came in fifth place with an arithmetical average of (4.04), with a percentage of (80.1%) and a high degree of availability, while the decision-making skill came in last place with an arithmetical average of (4.03), with a percentage of (80%) and a high degree of availability.

Abstract

The research aims to find out the extent of the existence of Banking Entrepreneurial in private ethnic commercial banks, as all banks seeking Entrepreneurial need to be able to manage able to find a kind of harmony, between their capabilities and technical skills and total knowledge, and possessing the vision of the future to achieve the bank's objectives, to reach a strong competitive position, and highlight the problem of how interested private banks are in the pure leadership of the research sample banks is (Ashur Bank Al-Mansour Bank, Baghdad Bank) has found a weakness in the indicators of banking leadership and recommended the need to adopt a culture of Banking Entrepreneurial and support creativity and innovation and encourage it. The research will be dealt with through four investigations, the first research includes the methodology of the research, the second discussed the theoretical aspect of the research and the third research included the practical aspect of the research, and the fourth discussed the conclusions and recommendations

Abstract

The research aims to clarify the influence exerted by strategic alliances and its dimensions represented by (value chain partnership, licensing arrangement, joint projects, mutual service union) on strategic shocks and its dimensions represented by (the industrial environment factor (exchange rate fluctuation), the institutional environmental factor (Soft budget constraints are offset by hard one), the company's capabilities (low versus high leverage) and the relationship between them, and the researched field was the contracting companies operating in the city of Mosul (listed within the Iraqi Contractors Union/Ninawa branch), which were chosen to conduct the applied aspect of the research, and the electronic questionnaire was distributed to The researched field was conducted via the WhatsApp application for contractors working in the city of Mosul, and (98) responses were obtained via the electronic link prepared for this purpose. The research community consisted of general managers of contracting companies. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted in the research, and statistical software (spss) was employed. v.27) for statistical analysis of the collected data, and the most prominent results were the presence of an inverse relationship between both strategic alliances and strategic shocks, and there is also a significant effect between strategic alliances on strategic shocks.

Abstract

Purpose of the Study: This research addresses a relatively new field; its primary objective is to determine whether the use of strategic momentum in productive organizations leads to the enhancement of organizational brilliance. Furthermore, the study aims to focus on modern strategic management approaches—including strategic momentum—and clarify their pivotal role in creating a comprehensive and integrated environment that fosters growth and differentiation, thereby advancing the industrial sector through the introduction of the concept of organizational brilliance.

Methodology: A sample was selected from employees at the Men’s Garments Factory in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf. A questionnaire consisting of 22 questions was distributed to employees, including unit and division managers, department heads, accountants, and production staff. A total of 93 completed forms were collected.

Key Findings: The study results revealed a significant and meaningful impact of strategic momentum on organizational brilliance. According to the findings, the path coefficient of the explanatory variable (strategic momentum) showed strong influence on the responsive variable (organizational brilliance), indicating that strategic momentum plays a powerful role in organizing and enhancing employee brilliance within the industrial sector (the factory under study).

Applications of the Study: Strategic momentum can play a critical role in enhancing industrial performance by creating a comprehensive and integrated environment that promotes leadership brilliance, service excellence, innovation, knowledge, efficiency, and financial inclusion. This contributes to elevating the status of the factory under study. Productive factories that adopt strategic momentum can remain at the forefront of the curve, deliver superior services to their customers, maintain market share, and contribute to the sustainable and inclusive development of the national economy.

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of non-monetary incentives on enhancing the creative performance of administrative staff at Al-Husayniya General Hospital. It stems from the question of the extent to which non-monetary incentives can stimulate creative behavior in a stressful work environment. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, and data was collected using a questionnaire distributed to 123 employees, of which 101 (82.1%) were returned, with 92 questionnaires deemed valid for analysis. The study focused on non-monetary incentives as the independent variable, with its dimensions of self-motivation, leadership support, quality of work life, and participation in decision-making, and on creative performance as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the impact of applying the Blue Ocean Strategy on enhancing the competitive advantage of Abu Shamala and Abu Dan General Contracting Company in the Gaza Strip. The independent variable was the Blue Ocean Strategy with its four dimensions (elimination, reduction, raise, and creation), while the dependent variable was the enhancement of competitive advantage. The research addressed the extent to which the strategy contributes to strengthening the company’s competitiveness amid the challenges facing the local construction sector. The entire company staff (30 employees) participated in the study through a comprehensive survey, achieving a 100% response rate. Using a descriptive analytical approach and SPSS statistical tools—including means, standard deviations, T-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis—the results indicated a very high application level of the Blue Ocean Strategy (84.8%) and a similarly high level of competitive advantage (84.2%). Statistically significant relationships were found between the dimensions of elimination, raise, and creation and the competitive advantage, with the creation dimension having a direct significant effect. No significant differences appeared in respondents’ assessments of the strategy based on gender, age, qualification, or job title, while differences were significant for specialization and experience, favoring administrative and financial specializations and those with over nine years of experience. Regarding competitive advantage, no differences were observed by gender, age, or job title, but significant differences existed by educational level (favoring those with a high school education or less), specialization, and experience (favoring administrative and financial fields and those with 3–6 years or over 9 years of experience). The study recommended adopting the Blue Ocean Strategy as a permanent management approach, focusing especially on the creation dimension, and enhancing institutional innovation by empowering and training employees.

Abstract

The current research aims to identify the extent of the influence of emotional intelligence on the organization’s reputation for a sample of private banks in Baghdad, as well as the extent of the interest of private banks in research variables and their dimensions, to come up with a set of recommendations that contribute to improving their practice and adoption of these variables, and based on the novelty of the variables and their importance to banks. On the one hand, and society on the other hand, the research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in completing a chapter and discussion, and it was applied in a sample of private banks in Baghdad, so that the research community (285) of the leaders represented by everyone who occupies the functional positions (bank manager, assistant manager, bank manager Department, Associate Director of Department, Division Officer), a questionnaire was distributed to them (170) to investigate opinions about the variables studied, and it was supplemented with data, observations and limited interviews, while the research used programs (SMART PLS V.3.3 - SPSS V.26 - AMOS V.25) To analyze the primary data, with the adoption of descriptive and inferential statistical methods represented in (the normal distribution test, the exploratory factor analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity and reliability test, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the relative coefficient of difference, etc. Relativity ratio, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression coefficient, multiple regression coefficient) to test the research hypotheses stemming from the main questions, and the statistical analysis showed a number of results, the most prominent of which was the keenness of private banks to improve their organizational reputation, by directing emotional intelligence (self-feeling assessment, Feeling regulation, the use of feeling) to improve its level, while the evaluation of self-feeling and the regulation of feeling directed to improving creativity, innovation, and social responsibility, it added the use of feeling to the two dimensions, self-feeling assessment and feeling organization to improve the level of quality, performance, vision and leadership.

Abstract

The technological revolution and the rapid developments we are witnessing today, despite the numerous they provide, are accompanied by a wide range of ethical challenges that must be carefully considered within contemporary organizations-particularly the tax sector, which represents a key pillar of the national economy, Accordingly, this study sought to the examine impact of the electronic environment on business ethics. A descriptive-analytical methodology was employed to describe the status of the variables and analyze the statistical procedures. The research, aimed to assess the current electronic environment within the General Authority and to evaluate the extent to which business ethics are influenced by modern technologies. To achieve this, the researcher selected a sample of (40) participants from the General Tax Authority, including general directors, departments directors, and heads of divisions and branches, in order to test the study’s hypothesis, which posits the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the electronic environment and business ethics at the level of (individuals, activities, leadership). The importance from the study stems from the growing significance of modern technologies and their implications of business ethics, the findings revealed a statistically significant impact of the electronic environment on business ethics, the study also presented several the most prominent of which is to need to enhance public awareness regarding business ethics, and to ensure the fair distribution and equitable use of electronic technologies in order mitigate their negative effects.

Abstract

The research aimed to determine the impact of strategic sovereignty in reducing strategic risks in light of the current conditions that require the correct construction of organizations in order to confront environmental variables in modern times. To achieve this goal, the researchers reached, through theoretical thought and related studies, to build a hypothetical diagram that explains the relationship between the studied variables. The research relied on studying strategic sovereignty as an independent variable distributed into three dimensions: (area of ​​influence, competitive formation, competitive pressure), in addition to three dimensions representing the dependent variable strategic risks (document and information risks, organizational reputation risks, human resources risks). The sample consisted of (100) managers from senior administrative leadership in a sample of private Iraqi banks: (United Bank, National Bank of Iraq, Gulf Commercial Bank, Ashur International Bank, Abra Iraq Bank). The research reached several results represented in the contribution of strategic sovereignty in reducing strategic risks through the results of the impact relationship, which supports the statistical formulation of the research hypothesis

Abstract

يهدف هذا البحث بتقييم واقع الابداع وتأثيرها على المناخ التنظيمي في المؤسسات التعليمية لتشخيص أهم عوائق الابداع في بيئة العمل، إذ تم توزيع (100) أستبانة محكمة على الملاكات التدريسية والإدارية في مؤسستين تعليميتين حكومية واهلية، وقد تضمنت الاستبانة متغيرات رئيسة للبحث (الأبداع ، والمناخ التنظيمي) وثلاث أبعاد فرعية لكل متغير لغرض إجراء دراسة المقارنة بين هاتين المؤسستين ،تم استخدام عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية منها : (الأوساط الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية ومعامل الارتباط البسيط (بيرسون) واختبار جودة المطابقة واختبار الأثر، فضلاً عن اختبارات لعينتين مستقلتين غير مترابطة وغيرها من الاساليب الاحصائية)، أن اهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث إن ادارة المؤسسات التعليمية الأهلية كانت أفضل من المؤسسات التعليمية الحكومية في الإبداع والمناخ التنظيمي، لاتباعها سياسة المنافسة والاستقطاب لزيادة مواردها المالية والبشرية ، بذلك نستنتج بوجود عوائق للابداع في المؤسسات التعليمية الحكومية اكثر منها في المؤسسات الاهلية لان الاخيرة تسعى بشكل مستمر الى تبني وتشجيع الطاقات المتميزة .اما أهم ماأوصى به البحث ضرورة تبني الادارة في هذه المؤسسات استراتيجيات تتناسب مع واقع التعليم في العراق التي يمكنها ان تساعد على خلق وتشجيع الابداع والمبدعين أيماناً منها بتأثير الابداع على المناخ التنظيمي، إذ تسعى كل المنظمات الخدمية منها ام الانتاجية إلى إحداث تغييرات ايجابية بين الآونة والاخرى، من خلال إستثمار المقومات التي تمتلكها بالشكل الأمثل، والمورد البشري المبدع أحد اهم هذه المقومات التي أرتكز البحث عليها .

Abstract

Given the importance of human capital in keeping pace with the rapid changes in the business environment, particularly those related to technological developments and their applications across various fields, including auditing and the need for professional performance to analyze data from audited institutions, there is a pressing need to identify and develop human capital based on the efficiency of artificial intelligence and its data analytics technologies. Accordingly, the current study aims to demonstrate the importance of human capital development and its significance in educational institutions. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. The research population consisted of accounting employees at Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad Governorate, with a sample size of 55 respondents. The study reached the following conclusions: 1. Al-Nahrain University places considerable emphasis on developing human capital and demonstrates efficiency in using artificial intelligence applications for big data analysis. 2. Al-Nahrain University is efficient in utilizing artificial intelligence applications to analyze big data. The researcher recommends the following: 1. Increasing attention to human capital development, given its significant impact on the efficiency of using artificial intelligence applications in big data analysis. 2. Conducting further research on the impact of human capital development on the efficiency of big data analysis in auditing and electronic accounting practices.

Abstract

The problem of research is responsible for the question: How important is the policies of Sudanese banks with the Forensic Reviews of Investment and Auditing of Islamic Financial Institutions from 2010-2020? The aim of this research is also aimed at identifying the following: The concept of monetary policy in Islamic banks accounting for Islamic financial institutions and the criterion of the forensic posts issued by the extent to which bank policies agreed with the Forensic Reviews of Accounting and Auditing of Islamic Financial Institutions "Study of Sudanese banks from 2010 2020. The search assumes that the policy policies are consistent with the criterion of the Shari'a for investment by the Accounting and Review of Islamic Financial Institutions. Projects funded in formulas with legitimate anti-investment standards. The bank's policy in the acquisition of clients is experienced in the management of projects financed in the formula of participation with the legitimate IPO standards and the Bank's policy is consistent to adopt the concept of business leadership through participation formats with legitimate ipments.

Abstract

The work environment and its components have gained great importance today due to the impact it has on its human capital. In recent years, studies have increased that discussed the negative and positive role of the work environment, as it is considered the main nerve of the organization’s success or failure. Here, we tried to shed light on some of the issues that can hinder the work of organizations and obstruct the achievement of their goals, including a toxic environment that makes employees feel the presence of penalties, the possibility of rejection, and being held guilty, with the necessity of constant defensiveness and humiliation. This is evident through the organizational leadership responsible for the organization, the culture of this organization and its employees, weak communication between them or dispersion, and the presence of blocs that cause fatigue and the impact they leave and the threat they pose if the matter is not addressed. This leads to a decrease in employee performance productivity, job attrition, an increase in work turnover, lack of progress at work, an inability to commit and achieve a balance between work and life, the occurrence of excessive professional fatigue, and conflicts that cause confusion in understanding roles. These are all signs that confirm the existence of a toxic work environment. Therefore, organizations whose environment is described as toxic face difficulty in maintaining, supporting, and attracting experienced human capital. One of the most important recommendations here is the necessity of encouraging and highlighting Positives and good relationships at work that serve the public interest and create a supportive social network that supports these relationships, while not forgetting to set red lines that should not be crossed and to maintain a safe distance with colleagues.

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the impact of strategic drift on improving organizational performance through an analytical study of the opinions of a sample of employees at the Technical Institute / Kufa , within the context of seeking to bridge the knowledge gap related to explaining the nature of the relationship between these two variables in educational institutions. The study was based on the hypothesis that strategic drift, through its dimensions represented by satisfaction with leadership, marketing myopia, logical incrementalism, and organizational commitment, is one of the factors that directly influence the level of organizational performance, which was measured through its dimensions of accounting returns, growth, stock market performance, and operational performance. The study adopted the descriptive – analytical approach, and the questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection, in addition to observation and personal interviews to enhance the accuracy of the results. The study population consisted of (355) employees, while the study sample included (185) questionnaires valid for statistical analysis. The data were analyzed using the (SPSS) program, relying on a set of descriptive and inferential statistical methods, particularly correlation and impact tests, after ensuring that the data met the conditions of normal distribution. The results of the statistical analysis showed the existence of a statistically significant and positive correlation and impact relationship between strategic drift and organizational performance. This confirms that the conscious management of manifestations of strategic drift can contribute to the early detection and treatment of organizational imbalances, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and enhance the institution’s ability to adapt to environmental changes. The results also indicated that integration among the dimensions of strategic drift leads to achieving better levels of organizational performance, especially in operational aspects and institutional growth. The study concluded that strategic drift is not necessarily an entirely negative phenomenon; rather, it can be employed as an effective managerial tool if properly diagnosed and managed, thereby contributing to improving organizational performance and achieving institutional sustainability. In light of the results, the study recommended enhancing strategic awareness among administrative leaders and adopting flexible mechanisms to monitor and address strategic drift in a manner consistent with the requirements of modern work environments in educational institutions.

Abstract

The current research aims to study “The role of anti-self-compulsiveness in creating the mindset of an entrepreneurial leader In the Civil Status Department in Baqubah” And the possibility of successfully applying these two dimensions in the government sector of the city of Baqubah, represented by the Civil Status Department in Baqubah. The research problem came from the main question it is: "Does self-interest have a significant, statistically significant relationship and impact on the mentality of entrepreneurial leaders in the Civil Status Department in Baqubah?" “The existence of a correlation and influence between the roles of self-confidence in creating the mentality of an entrepreneurial leader in the Civil Status Department in Baqubah. On the basis of the research hypotheses and in order to enrich the research with data and information that puts the research at the level of achieving its objectives, these data and information were obtained from references, sources, and periodicals related to the research concepts, On the analytical side, several statistical methods were collected, including: (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression) which analyzes the research concepts and its most important dimensions related to the research topic in a way that enables them to be answered accurately. The research population that represents the potential sample was chosen which the Civil Status Department in Baqubah is. The research sample of (90) respondents was selected, it is a deliberate sample where the questionnaire form was distributed to all sample members, The research results were analyzed based on the statistical program (SPSS), which targeted decision-makers in the Civil Status Department in Baqubah, represented by the Office of the General Director, department directors, and division and unit directors. The results of the research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was the awareness of the senior leadership in the Civil Status Department in Baqubah of the anti-self-desires in creating the mentality of the entrepreneurial leader. The results of the field analysis also indicated that there is a significant influence on self-confidence in creating the mentality of the entrepreneurial leader.

Abstract

The aim of this research is to measure the sustainable performance of Al-Qasim Green University based on the indicators of the Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC), and to assess the university’s ability to serve the community through social and environmental performance indicators. Sustainable orientation is essential in today’s business environment, as it reflects the clarity of strategic objectives and the roles of faculty and support staff in delivering high-quality, distinguished educational services. It also supports creative capacities to build a strong academic reputation, making the university a key contributor in meeting labor market needs.

The study adopted a case study methodology focusing on Al-Qasim Green University, using both financial and non-financial data for the period (2018–2019). The results were measured and analyzed accordingly. Findings indicate that the university is capable of enhancing sustainable performance, provided that improvements are made in cost and managerial accounting systems. These improvements should aim to provide decision-makers with relevant information that reflects the university's economic, environmental, and social realities.

The research recommendations emphasized the importance of university leadership giving due attention to environmental and social factors, alongside economic ones, in adopting higher education and scientific research strategies. It also called for creating multiple channels of engagement with the labor market and the community.

Abstract

The study aims to analyze the role of strategic digital entrepreneurship in addressing unemployment through indicators of strategic human resource resilience in digital marketing and e-services companies in Najaf Governorate. This comes in light of the rapid digital transformation that has reshaped business environments and opened new horizons for job creation, necessitating the adoption of strategic entrepreneurial practices that enhance competitiveness and contribute to the development of human resources. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected through questionnaire distributed to a sample of (43) individuals out of a total population of (80). The study focused on the dimensions of strategic digital entrepreneurship (opportunity recognition, resource orchestration, innovation, and market positioning), and their impact on addressing unemployment through (job creation, skills development, education and training, social innovation, and support for vulnerable groups), while examining the role of strategic human resource resilience (strategic learning, strategic memory, and strategic DNA). The results revealed a significant effect of strategic digital entrepreneurship on addressing unemployment, as well as the important role of strategic human resource resilience in enhancing organizations’ ability to adapt to digital transformation and leverage it to create job opportunities and develop skills.

Abstract

The research problem lies in the slow and low levels of strategic response in contracting companies in Baghdad Governorate. The research aims to examine the impact of strategic engineering on the strategic response processes of employees in these companies. To achieve this, the dimensions of strategic engineering were utilized, namely: organizational structure engineering, digital leadership, strategic modeling and simulation, and strategic alignment. The dimensions of strategic response processes were also considered, namely: resource liquidity, business process maturity, business responsiveness to the environment, and business proactivity to the environment. The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to data analysis, employing a simple random sampling method. The research population consisted of 240 employees from a group of contracting companies in Baghdad Governorate, of whom 203 were selected as the research sample. The researcher used a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. Statistical software, specifically SMART PLS 4 and SPSS version 27, was used to analyze the primary data. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed, including validity and reliability testing, confirmatory factor analysis, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, relative importance, simple and multiple linear regression, structural equation modeling, and others, to test the main and sub-hypotheses. The research yielded several findings, demonstrating that strategic engineering is not merely reactive but also enhances companies' ability to proactively respond by anticipating future challenges and designing preventative strategies that ensure business continuity in uncertain circumstances.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the impact of organizational culture promotion mechanisms on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies in the Iraqi Ministries of Environment and Industry and Minerals. While the impact of organizational culture has been extensively studied, its specific effect on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies has not been previously investigated, which constitutes the epistemological problem addressed by this study. Furthermore, the Iraqi environment suffers from a lack of applied studies and empirical evidence related to environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the central question: What is the impact of organizational culture promotion mechanisms on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies? This study was conducted in the Iraqi Ministries of Environment and Industry and Minerals. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 110 senior administrative leaders in these ministries.

The study employed an inductive approach and used a descriptive-analytical method to present and analyze its data. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Amos software. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the quality of the study instrument and model. Descriptive analytical tools such as the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation were used to present, analyze, and interpret the study data. Simple regression was used to test the hypotheses.

The study concluded that the mechanisms adopted to enhance organizational culture constitute an integrated and interconnected system that fosters an organizational environment supportive of adopting environmentally friendly technologies. These mechanisms have a cumulative and interactive impact on promoting environmental values ​​and transforming them from mere theoretical concepts into daily organizational practices. When leadership adopts exemplary environmental behaviors and expresses a clear commitment, designs reward systems to encourage green practices, creates a flexible organizational culture adaptable to technological changes, uses rituals and symbols that reinforce environmental identity, and provides training programs that develop environmental awareness and skills, they collectively create a profound cultural shift. This shift makes the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies not merely a response to external demands, but an integral part of the organizational identity and an automatic behavior for employees at all levels.

Abstract

A goal for this research focused on diagnosing and knowing the relationship and influences between strategic entrepreneurship in its dimensions: (entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial thinking, and strategic resource management), and attractiveness in its dimensions: (attractiveness of the organization, intention, and stature) in Al-Zawraa Company, which is one of the formation companies of the Iraqi Ministry of Industry. The search was conducted for a sample of endodontic language (94) individuals. In it, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool, and in order to reach the desired results, the research used the statistical programs (Microsoft Excel, SPSS V24, Amos 24), and the research reached several results, the most important of which is the presence of two influence relationships and a significant correlation between the independent variable strategic entrepreneurship With its dimensions and the responsive variable, organizational attractiveness, which reflects the critical importance of strategic entrepreneurship and its adoption to reach organizational attractiveness.

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the role of crisis management strategies in supporting Iraqi economic security in the post-2016 period, within an economic environment characterized by rentierism, a single source of income, and fragile infrastructure. The research seeks to analyze the main threats to national stability, such as public debt crises, unemployment, and inflation, while focusing on the theoretical foundations of crisis management concepts as a leadership and administrative system based on forecasting and proactivity. One of the most important objectives of the research is to focus on economic security and its management through successful crisis management strategies, and how to manage crises in a way that can reveal errors before they occur or address them after they occur. The research also relied on a quantitative analytical approach using time series data (2016-2025) and employed advanced statistical and econometric tools, including the ARIMA forecasting model and the Early Warning System (EWS) using Logit and Probit models. The study concluded with several key findings, most notably a positive but very weak and statistically insignificant correlation (p < 0.005) between crisis management strategies and short-term economic security. This weakness is attributed to the Iraqi economy's greater vulnerability to global oil price shocks and external financial fluctuations than to the effectiveness of current internal management mechanisms.