Volume 3, Issue 3 (2022)

Abstract

The study aims to find the relationship between internal auditing of the quality of sustainability reports and the quality of financial reports after auditing, and the extent to which banks respond. Based on the changes resulting from stakeholders and their pressures on an ongoing basis  To come to the conclusion that the preparation of high-quality sustainability reports has a significant positive correlation with the quality of financial reports after auditing, the correlation between the quality of sustainability reports and the quality of financial reports after audit is conditional on the quality of the audit process. The results of the study showed that Islamic banks rely on reporting principles that focus on the quality of sustainability reports and these principles are particularly important for stakeholders to determine the quality of sustainability reports. the quality of the audit process has an impact on improving the quality of sustainability and financial reports by increasing confidence and credibility of accounting information and the absence of errors, and manipulating accounts, which improves the quality of information, leading to its reliance on decision-making. The study recommended that Islamic banks conduct internal audits based on "quality control" in order to reach a professional and impartial report by the Internal Audit Department that benefits all stakeholders and shareholders, and to apply the six rules of the principles of quality sustainability reports, through full disclosure of information, statement of impacts, assistance to stakeholders or beneficiary clients in decision-making, identification of procedures and the development of proposed hypotheses for the preparation of such disclosures.

Abstract

The research dealt with the dimensions of marketing strategies as an independent variable with its four sub-dimensions (pricing, distribution channel management, marketing communications, market planning) and customer prosperity as a dependent variable, A sample of managers working in the Ministry of Commerce was selected. The research relied on the opinions of (136) managers. The problem of the research was diagnosed through the field coexistence conducted by the researcher in the ministry, which lies in the weakness of marketing strategies, so the dimensions of marketing strategies were proposed in addressing the weakness of the customer’s prosperity, due to the department managers’ lack of sufficient knowledge of the dimensions of marketing strategies on the one hand and its close relationship to the prosperity of the customer on the other hand. The research sought to achieve a set of goals, the most important of which are: clarifying and presenting the concepts related to marketing strategies and customer prosperity in the Ministry of Commerc , and standing on the basic dimensions that make up the concept of marketing strategies and customer prosperity in the Ministry of Commerce, with a focus on the most important dimensions. The research relied on the analytical descriptive approach, and to achieve these goals the researcher used the questionnaire in the practical aspect of the research, as well as the research and studies that are related to the topic of research in the theoretical aspect with reliance on the (SPSS) program in testing and analyzing the impact hypotheses and the relationship between the research variables. The research reached a set of conclusions by testing and analyzing the hypotheses adopted by the research, and the research concluded with a set of recommendations that, if adopted, could contribute to activating the dimensions of marketing strategies.

Abstract

The concept of sustainability is concerned with the indicators that can be relied upon in estimating the sustainability of the economy at the macro level and what is related to it.  Financial sustainability, on the other hand , focuses on public debt and its potential positive effects if used efficiently in financing the resource gap, or negative if Limit yourself to financing current consumption.

As far as the matter is concerned with the Iraqi economy, the rentier nature of the economy has spared the economy from resorting to public debt for the purposes of covering the “gap of resources”, and resorting to it was limited in times of crisis, preserving ad hoc attitude, away from its supposed role in achieving sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to examine the economic implications of financial sustainability and its projection on the Iraqi situation, while the research problem was to investigate the economic significance of the indicators in terms of their qualitative difference in the rentier developing economy such as Iraq.   The paper reached conclusions in correspondence with its problem and hypothesis

Abstract

      The current study aims to reveal the extent of the impact of management information systems on the administrative decision-making process, as well as to clarify that influencing relationship between the variables of the study because of their importance in supporting and enhancing the administrative decision-making process in the study sample organization. Two main hypotheses emerged from the study that (there is an impact and a significant correlation of management information systems in the administrative decision-making process in the College of Nursing / University of Maysan), the study adopted the questionnaire as the main tool for obtaining the required data and information, as the responses of the sample consisting of (35) were analyzed. ) individuals and for the purpose of analyzing their responses, a number of statistical methods were used (frequencies, arithmetic means, standard deviations and regression) using the (SPSS) program, The study reached a set of theoretical and applied conclusions, the most important of which was that the roles of managers are affected by the management information system through the information provided by this system and with qualitative characteristics. of information.

Abstract

The research aims to analyze the content of the theoretical relationship between fiscal policy and the public budget deficit by defining the concept, types and tools of fiscal policy on the one hand, and the concept and types of public budget deficit and methods of financing it on the other hand, as well as building a measurement model to study and analyze the effectiveness of these tools in financing public budget deficits for selected advanced countries during the period (2002-2019), and through the use of modern economic measurement tools within the software (Stata 14.2 & EViews 12) and using the (Panel Data) data collection method, a (CD-Test) test for cross-sections was conducted as an initial step to determine the tests that will be used In order to find out the static of the variables and whether they fall within the tests of the first or second generation, and after making sure that there is no reliability between the cross-sections, the Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC) test was used, If its results showed that some variables have a unit root, that is, some variables are stationary in the level and others are stationary in the first difference, and accordingly, this will lead us to include these variables in the model, and we will have a dynamic model, and in this case we will deal with the models of temporal slowdown and the best example On that, it is the auto-regressive distributed lag model for dynamic panel data model (Dynamic Panel ARDL Model) and with its three estimators, which are the mean group estimator (MGE), pooled mean group estimator (PMGE) and the dynamic fixed effects estimator (DFEE). The Husman Test has been used. In order to differentiate between the three capabilities; The test showed that the combined group mean estimator (PMGE) is the best. The Husman Test was used to compare the three estimators; The test showed that the pooled group mean estimator (PMGE) is the best.

Abstract

This research seeks to address by analyzing the symmetrical imbalances between the economy and the status of the current account and what is implied by the significance of the relative importance of the current account in the balance of payments on the one hand within the framework of the internal / external overlap of developing economies in general and  Iraq , as a case study  to examine the extent of the reflection of the local economic structure on the characteristics of the current account

There are types of imbalances in the balance of payments related to the structural characteristics of the economy i, meaning that they represent a reflection of the imbalance in its production structures, and this imbalance, namely, in the current account takes a directional turn over a long time period related to the process of economic development and its success or failure in achieving the required structural changes

The research concluded that its hypothesis is correct as far as it is concerned with Iraq and that there is a symmetry between the internal/external structural imbalance that has deteriorated in the current account, especially the trade balance, and this imbalance has taken a hidden form as a surplus in the case of the rentier economy.  It concluded that economic administration has no choice but to restructure the Iraqi economy in favor of other production sectors, as well as financing and rehabilitating infrastructure projects, in addition to striving to attract foreign investment and working to expand production capacities and reduce dependence on oil as a main source of national income.

Abstract

This research adopts a model that is reflected in its main objective on studying the concept of ethical leadership and its role in improving the performance of teaching staff in relation to ethical leadership behaviors and proving its relationship to teacher commitment.

 To achieve this, the research scale was built based on the dimensions of ethical leadership and performance by constructing a questionnaire (research tool), which consists of 20 questions divided equally on each dimension, which was aimed first at the perception of ethical leadership and the factors that affect ethical leadership as well, as well as improving performance among The research sample. The research presents the fundamental importance in exploring the perception of the teaching staff in the judiciary of knowledge of ethical leadership practices and their role in improving their performance and to what extent the dimensions of ethical leadership or behaviors and influence on their ethical leadership practice are related. In order to reach the objectives of the study, by relying on the analytical descriptive approach, the data was collected in a comprehensive inventory method, as it was applied to the teaching staff in a number of schools in the district of science in Salah al-Din governorate, which represents the research community. The number of distributed questionnaires reached (140) questionnaires, (112) of them, or 80%, which represents the approved sample of the study valid for statistical analysis, and it was analyzed according to the statistical analysis program SPSS.V22, based on the statistical indicators (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage of difference factor and T-test).

The study came out with several conclusions, the most important of which is that: (a) ethical leadership positively affects the performance of teaching staff, (b) school leadership plays a positive role in promoting ethical behaviors among its educational cadres, and the study made several recommendations, including: Strengthening the moral qualities represented by justice, cooperation, firmness and trust Self-leadership of the surveyed schools as it governs their relationship with others and improves the level of individual and overall performance in the organization.

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate liquidity risk and its impact on banking security using the audited annual financial statements of Iraqi commercial banks for the period between 2016-2020AD for five of the Iraqi commercial banks. To test the study hypotheses, the percentages that represent the indicators of liquidity and banking security were extracted, and using the simple regression analysis method, the correlation coefficient, the coefficient of determination and the T-test as tools for analysis through the statistical program Mini tab 18, the results showed a statistically significant relationship between the dependent and independent variable represented by measures Bank liquidity and banking security in the Iraqi commercial banks, the subject of the study, and some conclusions and recommendations were reached for the purpose of overcoming the risks of bank liquidity.

Abstract

Planning the audit process is one of the basic standards and one of the audit requirements that the external auditor must abide by in order to complete the audit profession and reach the expression of professional opinion and achieve audit quality. The examination of internal control for the entity subject to audit is the first steps taken by the external auditor in order to identify weaknesses and defects in Internal control, which affects the determination of the size, adequacy and suitability of the evidence by using the statistical sampling method and depending on his personal experience. In order to continue carrying out its normal business during the coming period, the external auditor must obtain and evaluate sufficient and appropriate evidence to reach the appropriate conviction, in addition to presenting a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to be completely accurate in the external auditor’s report, taking into account the audit risks that lead to expressing an opinion Inappropriate in the financial statements.

Abstract

This study aimed to demonstrate the role of the integration of RCA and CE technologies in reducing production costs in Iraqi industrial companies, through the application to the data of the fiscal year (2020) for the Nasiriyah textile factory affiliated to the General Company for Woolen Industries, and the study showed several results from The most important of them :

- There is a possibility to apply the techniques of RCA and CE in the Iraqi industrial companies.

-The integration between the two techniques of accounting for resource consumption and simultaneous engineering leads to the optimal exploitation of idle energy and work to exploit it through the work of restructuring some of the things in the activities of the factory.

- Also, this integration enables the company's management to discover idle energy and exploit it and delete activities that do not add value to the product.

- The company's customers in general do not prefer the mat to enter furniture that matches the mat in quality and price.

The researchers presented a number of suggestions in the light of these conclusions that could contribute to developing the competitive advantage of companies operating in the textile industries sector in Iraq.

Abstract

The research aims to demonstrate the role of sustainable budget requirements in improving the Iraqi financial situation through the use of a set of requirements to be relied upon when preparing the budget, and to achieve the objectives of the research, a study was conducted of the indicators of the Iraqi economy for the years (2004-2021). A set of conclusions and recommendations were reached, the most prominent of which is that Iraq relies heavily on non-renewable financial resources, and this exposes its economy more to financial crises as a result of fluctuating prices of non-renewable resources. Accordingly, it is necessary to find renewable financial resources that can be relied upon in the event of a recession occurring for non-renewable resources. As a large proportion of Iraq's resources go to pay off debts because of its heavy dependence on these resources, the prices of which fluctuate from one period to another, as happened in the years (2008, 2016, 2020). Therefore, attention must be paid to the requirements of the sustainable budget because of their significant role in reviving the Iraqi financial situation. The research also recommends Iraq's interest in renewable financial resources because it represents an important alternative that can be resorted to in the event of fluctuating oil prices instead of relying on debt.

Abstract

     This study examined the reality of marketing orientation in achieving customer loyalty. It is (There is a Significant effect relationship between the marketing orientation and customer loyalty in the General Company for Cotton Industries) and it represents the research community in the General Cotton Industries, where the sample consisting (of 110) persons was chosen. The study used several statistical methods to process and analyze data using the program (SPSS), these statistical methods are (arithmetic mean and standard deviation, stepwise). Based on the measurement and diagnosis of the study variables and the testing of the study hypotheses, the study reached a set of conclusions, most notably, the management of the General Company for Cotton Industries viewed marketing as a secondary function limited to promotion, advertising and lack of knowledge of the realities of marketing as activities to recognize the market's needs for industrial products and how to provide them.

Abstract

Central bank digital currencies are the reaction of central banks to illegal digital currencies of all kinds, whether central bank digital currencies are a new tool for monetary policy or just a new factor in global and local markets. It presents banks with unpredictable opportunities and challenges. The research discusses the basic tasks and functions of the central bank in managing the monetary mass. And the global and regional experiences of digital currencies. And dealt with possible scenarios for the issuance of legal digital currencies. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which was that there are three scenarios for the issuance of digital currencies. From the central banks and the wholesale scenario of cross-border payments is the most convincing as it helps to get rid of the inefficiency of payment systems.

Abstract

The research aims to determine the effect of sustainable performance in achieving competitive advantage through servitization, which pushes manufacturers to adopt this trend. The research problem was embodied in how the company is able to provide distinguished services with products through sustainable performance to achieve competitive advantage. The research was applied at the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries Through a survey of the opinions of a sample of (65) engineers, administrators and technicians, through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose within three axes (sustainable performance, servitization,, competitive advantage). The results confirmed the presence of a high level of interest in the research variables, as well as a significant effect of sustainable performance in achieving competitive advantage through the mediation of the servitization,

Abstract

The noticeable increase in the volume of financial transactions made in encrypted digital currencies at the international level, and the risks that such transactions pose to international financial and economic relations, made the study of the impact of these (Cryptocurrencies and Digital) currencies on the effectiveness of the functions of central banks and their ability to manage monetary policies and employ Its. This study came to analyze the relationship between the impact of encrypted currencies and the overall international monetary relations by first identifying each of the encrypted and legal digital currencies and then identifying monetary policy tools through the tools of central banks, and then reviewing the volume of transactions in Encrypted digital currencies at the international level to analyze the impact of the increasing volume of these transactions on the effectiveness of monetary policies. The study concluded to prove the hypothesis that cryptocurrencies have a significant negative impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy by reducing the effectiveness of various monetary policy tools, but such an impact can be codified and managed by setting controls for monetary transactions at the local and international levels, and central banks sutible policies.

Abstract

The research discusses a fundamental topic, which is the analysis of production capacities, and their relationship to the industrial performance of Ibn Al-Atheer House for Printing and Publishing - University of Mosul. With the officials of the house, the research covered two calendar years, 2018 and 2019, based on the budget statement of Ibn Al-Atheer House for those years. The research aimed to study some criteria in evaluating the industrial performance of this house for the years 2018-2019 and to identify the strengths and weaknesses in industrial performance within This industrial unit, the research adopted a hypothesis that the industrial performance of Ibn Al-Atheer House for Printing and Publishing - Mosul University was suffered decline during the research period from what it was before the study period. The research reached several results, the most prominent of which were:-

1- The actual capacities of production for the house have decreased during the years of study and this is due to the decrease in the demand to go to the house due to the Move of the workplace to inside the university campus, where it is not possible for many departments to enter the university and go to the private printing companies presses, while there is an obligation for these to print inside public sector organizations

2- Through the analysis, a rise in the costs of production inputs , as it was found that most of these inputs were purchased from the local markets, which incurs additional costs that negatively affect the of the house.

Abstract

The study centered on the fact that there is an ideological controversy related to the problem of the study, as it aimed to know the role of the quality of work life among workers in private hospitals, the focus of the research (Al-Kafeel, Zain Al-Abidin, Al-Hujjah) Its dimensions (salary adequacy and fairness, correct working conditions, opportunities to exploit capabilities, opportunities for career growth, social integration) and its impact on organizational citizenship behavior in its dimensions (altruism, conscience awareness, sportsmanship, civility, voluntary participation). The problem of the study was raised out of the most important questions, which is the degree of availability of the quality of work life and organizational citizenship behavior and the level of the relationship between them in terms of correlation and influence. Out of (108) employees, according to the nature of their work. Statistical data were analyzed using the statistical program (Spss.V25), and to test the validity and reliability, the Alpha Crow-Nbach coefficient was used, and to test the hypotheses of the study, the PEARSON simple correlation matrix was used. The researcher came to the conclusion that there is a correlation between the two variables, as it was a strong positive correlation, which indicates a high presence and awareness of the concept of quality of work life among hospital workers, which enhances organizational citizenship behavior.

Abstract

This research aims to highlight the role of macro-economic variables in achieving economic growth in Iraq, relying on the Eviews10 program.  The results of the research showed an inverse relationship between the net foreign operations in the inflation rate, the broad money supply, the long term, with the gross domestic product, and a direct relationship between each of the net foreign operations.  In the short term, the broad money supply with the gross domestic product, and a direct relationship between the broad money supply, the exchange rate, the budget deficit in the two terms, with the gross domestic product.

Abstract

The current study dealt with the issue of narcissistic leadership and its impact on organizational citizenship behavior. The level of the two variables was tested and studied in the Babel Education Directorate, and the research was applied to a sample of (105) individuals. The current research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool for collecting data and information.

The research sought to test the correlation relationships and influence relationships between the research variables. It has been based on empirical measures from previous studies, using a variety of statistical tools to analyze and process data and information using the necessary statistical packages through the simple correlation matrix, simple regression analysis and structural modeling equation to test the study hypotheses and the program (SPSS vr.23).

The research reached a set of results, including the high level of the two main variables (narcissistic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior) and the presence of significant correlations between them, and the presence of a significant effect of narcissistic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, The behavior of organizational citizenship with its combined dimensions, which requires the management of the organization in question to choose leaders who stay away from this type of leadership, These results are in agreement with the research hypotheses.

Abstract

Research aims to shed light on one of the types of electronic marketing (viral marketing), which practices the marketing of goods and services through social media (such as Facebook, Messenger, etc.). The research stems from the problem of the lack of systems of the General Authority for Taxes in Iraq and their failure to enter the taxation department for users of viral marketing, which can form a broad base within the taxable containers that increase the volume of tax revenues.                                                      

To achieve the goal,the extent of the success or failure of the viral marketing campaign was measured according to the Duncan equation, which showed that when the growth rate is more than (1) the correct one will lead to the success of the campaign. A viral message was also launched and their responses were collected for a sample (181) single to sell three types of clothing as a case study in cooperation with one of the viral marketing marketers, where it appeared that there are profits that are realized from the use of this method in marketing, and for this reason a proposal was submitted for tax inventory for the practitioners of this activity to hold them accountable for tax in accordance with Income Tax Law No. 113 of 1982 and its amendments

Abstract

The Sustainable development had become occupies an important place in the global economy in light of the developments that have occurred in the modern business environment Sustainable development has been emerged as a remade term for the overall development ,  where the center of gravity in global politics to thinking in addressing the issues collectively and develop plans comprehensive and work to use of available resources  effective way and avoid waste and loss ,where sustainable development objective to try find some kind of balance between the ecosystem and the economic system without wasting natural resources generations are obligated at the present time as necessary keep on natural resources for future generations , as the primary objective for the sustainable development become achieve justice for different generation especially the future generations in providing an adequate standard of living and try to reduce the phenomenon of poverty especially in developing countries which requires the necessity to redistribute income between developed and developing countries , and the economic entity contribute to achieving sustainable development through the application of sustainability which offers many economically beneficial ways for this entity to effectively comply with environmental and social responsibility in her decision so design those strategies for sustainability on ideas of reducing costs or maximizing profits by reducing waste and pollution in order to achieve competitive advantage    due to the importance Economic Performance in Economic Entities which is one of the main ingredients and pillars of Economic Entities that work to achieve its goals within the limits of its available resources in a highly competitive environment in order for the entity to know its ability to achieve its goals it needs a performance evaluation and needs to choose the best indicators and standards the evaluation of economic performance is important for the continuation of economic entity Through this paper we will try to shed light on Economic Performance Evaluation and Reflection On Achieving Sustainable Development .