Search Results for the-iraqi-banking-sector

Abstract

The Iraqi banking sector is working to keep pace with modern banking technologies, and with the aim of exploring the impact of electronic payment methods on the efficiency of banking performance, three standard models were built for the Iraqi banking sector, for the period (January 2018-December 2022) with monthly data, so that the number of time series observations for each model reaches (60) View.

The research found a positive impact of electronic payment methods on the financial performance of the Iraqi banking sector, by raising its level of profitability and reducing its costs, in addition to the important role played by managing its liquidity and reducing its risks. Electronic payment methods also had a negative impact on the efficiency of internal operations management through... Its inability to reduce the effort and speed in completing operations and responding to customer requirements, due to adherence to traditional methods of completing banking work and the limited use of technology for archiving, which has reinforced the episodes of red tape in banking work, and has had negative effects on the quality of banking services.     

Abstract

The aim of this research is to assess the impact of electronic payments on increasing the volume of deposits in the Iraqi banking sector for the time period (January 2018 – September 2025), using an econometric analytical method that includes descriptive time-series analysis, and estimation of an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study uses the indicators of mobile electronic payments and financial transactions processed via the retail payment system (IRPSI) as the independent variables, and the total deposits and current deposits as dependent variables, with the control variables being the money supply, inflation, and oil prices. The results show the gradual growth of the use of electronic payment instruments, especially in terms of the retail payment system, while mobile payments have a limited impact; current deposits are the most significant factor in total deposits. The estimates derived in ARDL show that there is no significant relationship between mobile payments and deposits in the short and long run, while retail payment system transactions have a significant and negative relationship due to its strong relationship with cash withdrawals, particularly cash withdrawals by government salary. The results shown in the control variables indicate that money supply and oil price are important factors in increasing deposits while inflation decreases current deposits because of the loss of purchasing power. Overall, the results indicate that while the electronic payment system is still evolving in Iraq, the use of cash remains at a high level, which necessitates further efforts to boost and reinforce the non-cash payment policy, increase financial and digital awareness, and strengthen the technical systems to promote the efficiency of electronic payment systems and their ability to contribute effectively to the mobilization of deposits within the banking sector.

Abstract

This research addresses the extent of digital transformation in the Iraqi banking sector, with a focus on a selected sample of Iraqi private banks. The research addresses the extent to which these banks adopt digital technologies to enhance their operations and customer services through quantitative analysis. The results reveal that although there is a growing interest in digital transformation Among Iraqi banks, the digital transformation in Iraqi private banks is still in its early stages compared to global trends. Although there is a growing recognition of the importance of digital technologies by banks, many of them still rely heavily on traditional banking methods, and this is due to This disparity is largely due to different levels of investment in digital infrastructure and different degrees of openness to technological change among bank management, and adoption rates remain uneven across the banking sector. This disparity is largely due to different levels of investment in digital infrastructure and different degrees of openness to technological change among bank management.

Despite these challenges, many banks have begun to implement digital solutions such as online banking, mobile applications and electronic payment systems to meet evolving customer expectations and increase competitiveness. This research highlights the need for strategic investment in digital infrastructure and regulatory reforms to enhance the environment. Conducive to digital innovation, it also emphasizes the importance of educating and raising awareness among customers to increase the adoption of digital banking services, which ultimately contributes to the modernization and growth of the sector.

Abstract

During times of economic volatility and in the process of administrative reform in post-conflict situations, strong leadership is essential to building a resilient workforce. To tackle this, the current study seeks to examine the effects of ethical leadership on “organizational citizenship behavior” (OCB) with corporate “social responsibility” (CSR) as a mediator in the private banking sector in Iraq. The research adopts a quantitative approach with the use of survey data from 229 banking professionals and is based on “Social Exchange and Social Identity theories”. The conceptual pathways were tested using variance-based structural equation modeling, which was performed using SmartPLS 4. The results of the analyses strongly favor the proposed model, showing that ethical leadership has a significant positive impact on employees' perceptions of CSR initiatives and their engagement in discretionary citizenship behaviors. Moreover, CSR was observed to have a great impact on OCB. Importantly, the findings proved that CSR is a powerful mediator, which means that ethical leaders provoke citizenship behaviors by developing a socially responsible organizational climate. The study fills a significant gap in the literature because it tests a mediation model in a less-studied context of the Iraqi banking sector. It offers administrative lessons to policymakers and bank executives, indicating that the strategic need to invest in ethical leadership and true CSR activities is not only a moral requirement but a strategic need to increase sustainable employability and fight against economic adversities.

Abstract

The research aimed to measure the negative impact of monetary shocks on the capital adequacy of the Iraqi banking sector for the period 2004-2022 using the Threshold Regression Model. The results of the research showed that there is an impact of the variables of monetary shocks (money supply, exchange rate, interest rate, index number). (prices) on the (banking sector capital adequacy) index. The most important findings of the research are that the banking sector capital adequacy at the threshold is less than 2.8984929 trillion. There was a positive impact of the money supply shock on the banking sector capital adequacy. However, when capital The banking sector is confined between 7.6688449 and 2.8984929, so the effect of the money supply shock on the capital adequacy of the banking sector is positive. However, in the third system, when the capital threshold is less than 11.73928 and greater than 7.6628449, there was a negative effect for both (the interest rate shock and the supply shock) at a significant level. 5%, while there was a significant positive effect of the exchange rate shock, and in the fourth system at the capital threshold greater than or equal to 11.73928, there was a negative effect of the price index shock at a significant level of 5%, while here there was a significant positive effect for both (the interest rate shock and the money supply).

Abstract

This study aims to examine the nature of the relationship between deposit structure and financial recovery in commercial banks. The sample consisted of ten Iraqi commercial banks during the period 2014–2023, and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was applied to analyze the relationship and effects among the study variables. The findings reveal that the deposit structure has a significant impact on several financial recovery indicators, namely return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and non-performing loans (NPL). The results further indicate that both savings deposits and time deposits exerted a negative effect on ROA, reflecting the limited ability of Iraqi banks to allocate depositors’ funds efficiently and generate adequate returns. Conversely, time deposits showed a clear positive impact on ROE. In addition, all types of deposits were found to have a positive and significant effect on both NPL and CAR, suggesting that growth in deposits increases lending activities and profitability, while also being associated with higher levels of non-performing loans. The significance of this study stems from the fact that deposits represent the primary source of funding for commercial banks and account for the largest share of their resources. However, the distribution of deposits by type and maturity does not necessarily guarantee financial recovery, particularly in light of the financial, health, economic, political, and technological crises that have adversely affected the Iraqi banking sector. Accordingly, the central research question is posed: To what extent does the deposit structure contribute to strengthening the ability of Iraqi commercial banks to achieve financial recovery?   The study concludes that bank managements should improve the quality of banking services and adopt both pricing and non-pricing strategies to attract more stable deposits, while directing them toward high-quality assets and investments that can enhance financial performance.

Abstract

This research aims to demonstrate the role of digital technology tools in enhancing financial health within Iraqi commercial banks. The central research question is: "Do digital technology tools contribute to enhancing financial health?" This question is further broken down into several sub-questions. To achieve the research objective, hypotheses related to the correlation and influence between the main research variables were adopted. The central hypothesis states: "There is a statistically significant correlation and influence relationship between digital technology tools and enhancing financial health." The research relied on financial stability reports published by the Central Bank of Iraq for the period 2019-2024. The research population consisted of Iraqi commercial banks, and several financial equations and statistical methods were employed. The research reached a number of conclusions, most notably that banks vary in their level of digital technology adoption. This variation stems from each bank's unique policies, procedures, and approach to achieving its objectives, including resource allocation, acquisition methods, risk tolerance, and profitability targets. The research also offered several recommendations, the most important being the necessity of employing modern digital technology tools to enhance the financial stability of banks and contribute to improved financial health. This can be achieved by integrating these tools as fundamental pillars of the Iraqi banking sector.

Abstract

the Iraqi economy suffers from many problems, it is necessary to go to the banking sector to achieve economic growth, Financing productive projects, mitigating and addressing economic problems, especially the problem of the budget deficit, through the issuance of treasury bonds and debt instruments and granting loans and through the use of financial policy tools such as taxes, in order to achieve economic and social goals, It works to adapt the relationship between the levels of public revenues and public spending, and that the banks' goal is to achieve the highest rate of economic and social well-being by reducing the budget deficit, reducing the burden of public debt, reducing the deficit in the trade balance, and reducing unemployment rates Where banks contribute to revitalizing the stock market by buying stocks and bonds, as the bank has become an indispensable institution in any economic system

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the impact of immersive marketing on customer emotional engagement, as well as the extent to which private banks in Baghdad adopt immersive marketing practices—from the perspective of their customers—considering the mediating role of perceived enjoyment in this relationship. The study is situated within the context of the digital transformations sweeping the banking sector and the growing importance of designing digital banking experiences that foster customer interaction and attachment to the bank. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed, and data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to a sample of private bank customers in Baghdad, yielding (204) valid responses for analysis. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed a significant positive effect of immersive marketing on both perceived enjoyment and customer emotional engagement. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that perceived enjoyment plays a crucial mediating role in the relationship between immersive marketing and emotional engagement. These results suggest that designing interactive and enjoyable digital banking experiences can contribute to fostering customers' emotional engagement with the bank and building more sustainable relationships with them. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to expanding the scope of studies on immersive marketing within the banking sector, as well as in providing practical insights that can assist private banks in developing digital marketing strategies capable of enhancing the customer experience and achieving a competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive banking environment.

Abstract

The research aims to clarify the nature of the banking human resources management information system, as well as to introduce the concept of redesigning jobs in banking organizations, in addition to determining the frameworks of the relationship of correlation and influence between the two variables in the Iraqi banking sector in order to identify a number of means that can be adopted by banking departments in order to build an integrated business model linking the outputs of information systems and their adoption in the process of scientific and systematic redesign of jobs and highlights the importance of the study by addressing important administrative topics added To the literature of administrative sciences, in particular the banking human resources information system and the element of redesigning banking functions, and a sample

The study with (83) respondents in (4) private banks in Baghdad and the opinions of the sample were polled through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and conducted statistical treatments according to the program (SPSS) and a research came out with a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a high impact relationship to the level of development and performance of the human resources information system in redesigning jobs and one of the most important recommendations of the study is the need for the various banking departments, whether operational or supportive, to accurately determine their needs from the various disciplines so that the human resources department in banks can reach To harmonize the job with the specifications of the incumbent and through the use of methods in redesigning jobs in a scientific manner, specifically when using the method of job characteristics

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role of internal auditing in enhancing the dimensions of digital governance—namely digital transparency, digital accountability, digital risk management, and digital compliance—in Iraqi commercial banks amid the challenges associated with rapid digital transformation. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers adopted a descriptive-analytical approach by designing and distributing a questionnaire to a sample of employees working in the banking sector. The collected data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The findings revealed a statistically significant effect of internal auditing on enhancing all dimensions of digital governance. The results indicated that the role of internal auditing extends beyond its traditional supervisory function to become a strategic driver that contributes to improving the quality of digital information, clarifying responsibilities, enabling the early detection of operational and cybersecurity risks, and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and technological policies. Based on these findings, the study emphasized the necessity of developing the competencies of internal audit personnel in the fields of modern technologies and cybersecurity, as well as activating electronic auditing systems. The study also highlighted the importance of support from top management in establishing a robust digital infrastructure. Furthermore, it recommended updating banking regulations and establishing specialized digital audit units to ensure the integration of oversight mechanisms with digital transformation requirements. Such measures would enhance the stability of the Iraqi banking sector and strengthen the confidence of all stakeholders in the digital banking environment.

Abstract

This study aimed to measure the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of the Iraqi banking sector during the period (2020–2025). To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted through the analysis of financial data obtained from a sample of Iraqi banks under investigation. In parallel, a quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire administered to a sample of (777) respondents. The results revealed a statistically significant statistically significant association between digital transformation variables, represented by digital services, artificial intelligence, and technological platforms, and financial performance indicators, namely Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). The findings also indicated that digital transformation contributes effectively to reducing operating costs and enhancing the operational efficiency of the surveyed banks. Based on these findings, the study proposed a set of recommendations focusing on the necessity of strengthening digital infrastructure, intensifying specialized training programs for human resources, and developing cybersecurity frameworks to ensure the sustainability of financial performance within the rapidly evolving digital environment.