Search Results for international-standards

Abstract

The aim of the research is to study and analyze the role of environmental governance in enhancing and activating accounting disclosure of financial information related to climate change, in light of international standards issued by professional organizations such as the SASB standards, GRI standards, and others.

On the practical side, the researcher tested the impact of environmental governance on the disclosure of financial information related to climate change through an electronic questionnaire, where 82 forms were distributed to a number of academics in Iraqi universities, as well as professionals (accountants and auditors) working in both the public and private sectors. The results were analyzed using the SPSS program.

The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that improving the level of environmental governance contributes to enhancing corporate transparency and increasing investor and stakeholder confidence in financial information related to climate change.

The research also presented a number of recommendations, the most notable of which is the need to benefit from international experiences in adopting governance principles in general, and environmental governance in particular, in order to activate disclosure and increase transparency regarding environmental issues, sustainable development, and climate change.

Abstract

International Accounting Standards achieved widespread have become as a sample of high-quality accounting standards . The application of accounting standards result in high-quality financial reports which are regarded as the main factor in determining the quality of these financial reports . International accounting standards are like any other set of standards which allow with some freedom to choose accounting policies that show the problem of the research through several questions: do the international accounting standards contribute to the development of the quality of accounting information? and what is its impact on the Iraqi environment? As the objective of the research is to shed light on international accounting, the research is based on the hypothesis that the accounting standards contributed to the improvement of the quality of accounting information. The researcher concluded several points: the most importantly is that : (through the analysis of the questionnaire, the dominant part of it calling for the application of international accounting standards in improving the quality of accounting information and the extent of its impact on the Iraqi environment after obtaining modification and adaptation of these international standards with the Iraqi environment. The most important recommendations the researcher gives are : the necessity of the participation in establishing a board of accounting and auditing standards in Iraq through issuing local standards that are in line with those of international ones to fill the large gap between the Iraqi standards and the international ones

Abstract

The study dealt with diagnosing the quality of the external auditor's performance in view of international auditing standards and external environment variables. The study was based on a main hypothesis that states “the process of raising the quality of the external auditor’s performance and ensuring the fairness and objectivity of professional opinion within the auditor’s report that reflects the essence of control practices requires professional, technical and strict adherence to international auditing standards with consider the integrate with the external environment variables surrounding the entity subject to auditing" . In order to achieve the objectives of the study and test the validity of the hypotheses related to it, the researcher adopted the descriptive (correlational) approach, which aims to know the size and type of relationship between the variables, that is, to what extent the study variables are related to each other, sub-hypotheses were derived, which confirm the existence of a moral correlation with statistically significant between the international auditing standards and quality of the external auditor's performance, the external environment variables and quality of the external auditor's performance. This requires adoption a number of tools, including formulating and designing the questionnaire form in an accurate manner and making use of some previous studies in the process of designing that questionnaire in order to cover all study variables in a way that represents the study community correctly.
The study reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are , one of the most important determinants of the success of external audit practices and achieving quality in the auditing performance is that the task must assign to a professional and competent external auditor possessing a number of personal qualities , scientific and professional qualifications, including integrity, objectivity and transparency in expressing a professional opinion , as addressed by the international auditing standard that requires exercising professional care, availability of skill, competence and training in the external auditor, he must possess the ability to understand international auditing standards and the conditions for their application, possess impartiality in the process of gathering evidence, familiarity with the affairs of the entity subject to auditing and the nature of its relationship with other external bodies. He must also possess a tendency of professional skepticism, which indicates alertness to cases that may indicate the possibility of a misrepresentation due to an error or fraud and critical evaluation of evidence , In addition to these features, the external auditor requires accuracy in determining the entity to which the auditor’s report are directed and justice in formulating this report as it is considered a link between the auditor and the needs and requirements of many users, including senior management, investors and creditors, in order to contribute to strengthening corporate governance and facilitate the process of making decision.

Abstract

Monopolistic practices in Iraq’s dietary supplement and health food markets have created a dual burden: rising prices and declining quality. These dynamics limit consumer access to essential nutrients and compromise public health outcomes. Dietary supplements and fortified health foods are essential in preventing deficiencies and addressing gaps in nutrition, especially in fragile health systems such as Iraq’s, where decades of conflict and economic sanctions have undermined food security and health infrastructure. Yet, monopolistic control by a handful of distributors has led to inflated costs, restricted availability, and potential risks of counterfeit or substandard products.

This study evaluates the effects of monopolistic structures on consumer health by examining the availability, pricing, and quality of dietary supplements and health foods in Iraq. Employing a mixed methods approach, it combines quantitative price analysis with qualitative interviews to capture consumer experiences and expert insights. Findings are expected to reveal significant disparities in accessibility and quality when compared with international standards.

The study contributes to both academic discourse and public policy by filling a critical knowledge gap about how monopolistic practices in Iraq’s health-related markets affect consumer well-being. It offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, regulators, and public health stakeholders to promote market fairness, improve access, and safeguard consumer health.

Abstract

This paper aims to study and analyze the audit expectations gap that arises due to the difference between the potential expectations of the auditing profession and the actual performance of that profession. The study adopted a main hypothesis that state the adopting of comprehensive auditing strategy for practicing the auditing profession through adhering to the international planning standard for auditing and understanding the nature of the economic entity that subject Auditing before starting to perform the audit duty can contribute to improving the outcomes of the audit work and reducing, managing the audit gap effectively in a way that achieves the primary audit goal of the truth and fairness of the financial statements subject to audit and enhancing confidence in the outcomes of the audit work. The study provides efforts to improve compliance with international auditing standards, including the International Auditing Planning Standard. To achieve the research objectives and prove the validity of the study hypothesis, Federal Board of Supreme Audit was chosen as a research community and a group of 5 departments affiliated with the Office as a sample for the research. The research indicated that there are differences between audit expectations based on international auditing standards and the actual application of these standards in a group of departments affiliated with the Federal Board of Supreme Audit. The results showed that these gaps may be due to the lack of sufficient understanding of the standards, or the ability to apply them effectively by sample.

The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that the research sample needs to address potential gaps in the application of auditing standards by enhancing educational processes and training programs and providing the necessary guidance to employees. Federal Board of Supreme Audit also needs to ensure that current policies and procedures are compatible with international auditing standards, as well as Monitoring and oversight efforts must be increased within the sample to ensure continued compliance with these standards. The study also recommended the necessity of updating policies and procedures based on international standards and implementing periodic audits to evaluate compliance with the standards.

Abstract

The research aims to explain the measurement and accounting disclosure of lease contracts in accordance with the IFRS 16 standard and its impact on the informational content of the financial statements. To achieve the research objective, the researcher applied the IFRS 16 standard in Gulf Bank because it did not apply the IFRS 16 standard during the period of application of the standard in 2019, and the researcher prepared The financial statements were prepared in accordance with the requirements of the standard before and after application, and in a retrospective manner, according to what the standard allowed, with other variables held constant. The researcher provided a detailed analysis of the impact of applying IFRS 16 on the informational content of the financial statements by comparing the results before and after application, as well as the impact of that application on Financial ratios.

The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are the following:

- The application of the IFRS 16 standard leads to the recognition of the right to use the asset among non-current assets, which leads to an increase in assets with a decrease in prepaid expenses, as a result of the amendments in order to apply the standard represented by reversing the prepaid expenses before application. In addition, recognizing lease obligations as non-current liabilities leads to an increase in total liabilities.

The application of IFRS 16 affects the informational content of the statement of changes in equity, especially when applied using the modified retrospective method, as a decrease in retained earnings resulting from an increase in the volume of expenses due to an increase in debit interest expenses and depreciation expenses leads, therefore, to a decrease in retained earnings.

The research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:

- The need for lease contracts to be clearer by stating the important paragraphs that have an impact on the process of accounting treatments related to the application of IFRS 16, which are (duration, payments, purchase option, the extent of the lessee’s control over the asset subject to the lease, and so on).

- The necessity of qualifying staff working in accounting departments in the banking sector, given that it is obligated to apply international standards and other sectors through training on conducting accounting treatments for lease contracts in accordance with the IFRS16 standard, as treatments that are radically different from what used to be the treatment of lease contracts according to local accounting systems.

Abstract

This research aims to study the impact of internal audit on risk management in light of internal audit standards. The research was carried out on a sample of public banks operating within the State of Iraq, where the collected data was analyzed by conducting an applied study and conducting a questionnaire for that, and international standards for internal auditing were used as a tool. To evaluate the impact of internal audit on risk management, the results of the study showed that there is a positive and strong relationship between internal audit and risk management through the contribution of internal audit in improving risk management procedures and enhancing internal control in banks. The research recommended the importance of strengthening the role of internal audit as an effective tool in improving risk management in public banks.

Abstract

The research aimed to identify areas of benefit from smart linguistic models (ChatGPT as a model) in accounting and auditing. The research used the descriptive approach to describe areas of benefit. Data was collected from ChatGPT, where a set of questions were asked and analyzed by topic. The research concluded with a set of results, most notably that the areas in which ChatGPT is greatly beneficial in accounting and auditing in general are: assistance in data entry and accounting guidance, assistance in preparing reports and budgets and setting estimates, research into international accounting standards, legislation and laws, analysis and interpretation of data, assistance In planning the audit process, organizing working papers, researching international standards for external and internal auditing. As for the areas in which ChatGPT does not provide significant added value in accounting and auditing, they are when the cases are complex, complex, and have many details, and require knowledge of the legislation and laws in a specific sector or country, or when the cases require an in-depth assessment of risks or analysis of large-scale data. Evaluating the internal control of a particular company.