Search Results for health

Abstract

Monopolistic practices in Iraq’s dietary supplement and health food markets have created a dual burden: rising prices and declining quality. These dynamics limit consumer access to essential nutrients and compromise public health outcomes. Dietary supplements and fortified health foods are essential in preventing deficiencies and addressing gaps in nutrition, especially in fragile health systems such as Iraq’s, where decades of conflict and economic sanctions have undermined food security and health infrastructure. Yet, monopolistic control by a handful of distributors has led to inflated costs, restricted availability, and potential risks of counterfeit or substandard products.

This study evaluates the effects of monopolistic structures on consumer health by examining the availability, pricing, and quality of dietary supplements and health foods in Iraq. Employing a mixed methods approach, it combines quantitative price analysis with qualitative interviews to capture consumer experiences and expert insights. Findings are expected to reveal significant disparities in accessibility and quality when compared with international standards.

The study contributes to both academic discourse and public policy by filling a critical knowledge gap about how monopolistic practices in Iraq’s health-related markets affect consumer well-being. It offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, regulators, and public health stakeholders to promote market fairness, improve access, and safeguard consumer health.

Abstract

The study addresses the nature of the intertwined and integrated relationship between the organizational health of business organizations in the Iraqi tourism sector and strategic immunity, according to what these variables witness from the emergence of artificial intelligence with its capabilities and driving powers in supporting the organizational environment to predict potential risks and challenges during future periods, as well as increasing the level of transparency in the business environment and improving the integration of artificial intelligence in the organizational circle, starting from planning and passing through describing the nature of internal processes, reaching the achievement of targeted institutional goals. Thus, the three variables: artificial intelligence, strategic immunity, and organizational health are no longer just individual concepts, but have become institutionalized strategic tools prepared for the future.

One of the most important determinants of the current study lies in addressing an underexplored research area. To the best of our knowledge, there is a notable scarcity of prior studies that integrate strategic immunity, organizational health, artificial intelligence, and organizational culture within a unified framework. Existing Arab and international studies tend to examine these dimensions separately, rather than as interconnected drivers of digital organizational resilience.

Abstract

This research aims to assess the quality of health services in Imam Al-Kazimin (peace be upon him) Medical City by diagnosing strengths and weaknesses using the (5Qs) model and improving them through the modified Deming technique (PDSA). The research sample was distributed to patients in the Medical City, and SPSS 23, v.25 was used to analyze the research data, and the results showed the possibility of evaluating the quality of health services in the Medical City. Using the 5Qs model, by determining the size of the gap for each of them after arranging the objective quality first, followed by the general feeling quality, then the quality of the process, then the quality of the infrastructure, then the reactive quality, in addition to the ability of the Modified Deming Technology (PDSA) to improve the quality of health service from Through the development of mechanisms and procedures for strengthening the strengths and addressing the Diagnosed Vulnerabilities Model (5Qs) according to the latest technological developments used in the health system.

Abstract

The aim of the research is to know the impact of the process of selecting human resources on the organizational culture in the Iraqi Ministry of Health. The descriptive statistical analytical method was used on the sample members from the health sector, which numbered 229 from the staff working in the ministry. The research found a direct impact on the selection of human resources in The Ministry of Health focuses on organizational culture, and the research recommended the need to work on developing good programs and standards for the process of attracting, selecting and appointing human resources to work in order to be in line with the organizational culture in the health institution.

Abstract

The organizations' obtaining the ISO 45001 has a great role in providing a safe working environment for the organization. The organization’s implementation of the error prevention system contributes greatly to improving the quality of the organization’s products. On the other hand, providing the dimensions of the quality of work life in the institutions contributes greatly to the organization’s success and continuity It remains on the market.
Hence the importance of the study, which aims to indicate the role of both the occupational health and safety systems and the error prevention system in providing dimensions of the quality of work life. The importance of the study is reflected in providing a practical framework that links the implementation of the ISO45001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System and the poka yoke error prevention system to the dimensions of the working life atmosphere. If the descriptive analytical approach was used, and based on the importance of the study, the study problem can be formulated. Does the application of the ISO45001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System standards and error prevention system contribute to providing quality work life dimensions?

Abstract

    The aim of this research is to determine the effect of work environment conditions on the performance of workers in Lebanese private hospitals in North Lebanon during the Lebanese financial crisis. A sample of 95 employees of various positions in private hospitals located in North Lebanon was studied: Al-Shamal Hospital, Moawad Hospital, Saydet Hospital, North Lebanon. The descriptive analytical approach was chosen for this research. The data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical program, and descriptive and analytical statistics were used in the analysis process. The results showed that there is a direct, statistically significant effect of the physical and behavioral conditions of the work environment on the health of workers in private hospitals in northern Lebanon during the financial crisis in Lebanon. There is also a direct, statistically significant effect of the health of employees at work on their performance in private hospitals in northern Lebanon during the financial crisis in Lebanon.

Abstract

This study explores the concept of frugal innovation and its impact on achieving pioneer Advantage in the context of the express delivery sector. Focusing on the express delivery company, Totters, the study examines how frugal innovations in terms of cost and resource efficiency can provide a competitive advantage in a highly dynamic market. Data were collected through a survey of (85) employees of the company under study and analyzed using the advanced statistical program SmartPLS V.4 to assess the role of streamlined operations, affordable solutions, and customer-centric strategies. The results reveal that frugal innovation significantly enhances a company’s ability to lead the market by delivering high value with limited resources. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical interaction between innovation and strategic positioning in supporting long-term competitiveness. This research provides practical insights for companies aiming to leverage frugal innovation as a path to achieving pioneer Advantage, especially in resource-constrained environments. 

Abstract

Public expenditures undertaken by the government are the basic element in providing the public life requirements of individuals and thus achieving development goals in general. However، public expenditures in Iraq are characterized by the fact that a large portion of them goes as current expenditures، while a small portion of them is directed to investment in various economic sectors، including health. education and others. Therefore، the research concluded that there is a large deficit in Iraq between the great actual need for services and achieving the planned development requirements and the low actual reality، especially in the health sector. The research recommended that there should be special attention in this sector by the government to ensure Sustainable annual growth in providing and improving these services to all individuals in Iraq in order to achieve the sustainable development goals that the United Nations seeks to achieve until 2030.

Abstract

The research aims to reveal the impact of functional quality with its dimensions (credibility, response, empathy, and immediacy) on patient satisfaction in a private nursing home hospital in Medical City in Baghdad, as well as knowing the level of functional quality variables and their dimensions and the degree of patient satisfaction in the hospital. view of the sample members. A random sample of (133) patients was selected using the questionnaire as a measure of the research variables, and the questionnaire was distributed to them, and the statistical methods SPSS, v. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: There is a strong and positive correlation of the functional quality variable with its dimensions and patient satisfaction, as well as the existence of an effective and essential direct effect of the functional quality variable and its dimensions in patient satisfaction. In addition to the presence of an average level of the functional quality of the health service in the hospital sample of the study, as well as the degree of patient satisfaction was moderate in the hospital environment. The research reached a set of recommendations, most notably attention to the psychological state of the patient and taking into account patients with special needs. Also, when providing health services, they must be free from any obstacles that affect the speed of their provision to patients, and the need to provide therapeutic and diagnostic services as quickly as possible and for all sick cases constantly.

Abstract

 The issue of drugs is a pressing concern that is gaining increasing importance globally due to its profound impact on communities and individual health. Drug use leads to a wide range of negative effects, affecting both physical and mental health, resulting in chronic health issues such as depression, anxiety, and heart diseases. Additionally, drug use is associated with an increased risk of infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatitis, particularly among youth populations.

Furthermore, drug abuse contributes to family disintegration and rising crime rates, as addicts may resort to illegal activities to fund their habits, leading to an increase in thefts and other crimes. This phenomenon also erodes social relationships and heightens economic pressures on individuals and families.

Research indicates that the economic costs resulting from drug use encompass healthcare burdens, increased spending on social welfare programs, and loss of productivity. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive response from all stakeholders, including governments, civil society organizations, and the private sector.

This study reviews the social and economic impacts of drug use, providing a thorough analysis based on current research and studies. It also includes practical recommendations for improving prevention and treatment strategies, including enhancing collaboration among various institutions and developing effective educational and awareness programs.

Abstract

Research aims to reveal nature of mediating role of organizational learning in relationship between strategic flexibility and high performance. Intellectual research problem was represented by main question: Does strategic flexibility have an impact on achieving high performance through mediating role of organizational learning? On basis of which sub-questions were raised through which appropriate solutions could be found. While the problem of field study of urgent need to respond to the repercussions of Corona pandemic was manifested through staff that have sufficient flexibility to achieve performance required of them to cross this crisis and sustain that performance through organizational learning of various kinds. Importance of research was evident from importance of the field of application, which needed to provide various solutions to advance and develop reality of health performance, as research was applied in Karbala Health Department on a random sample of (37) employees from its administrative and medical staff, based on a questionnaire form. Used a set of statistical methods to analyze data, including simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), analysis of ANOVA and test (Sobel) by using statistical program SPSS V.25. Research reached a set of conclusions, most important of which is existence of a direct correlation and a significant positive effect between research variables, in addition to presence of an indirect and significant effect of organizational learning in relationship between strategic flexibility and high performance. Based on conclusions of research, researchers were able to formulate a number of recommendations to improve performance levels and respond to Covid 19 crisis, most important of which is increasing interest in organizational learning at level of research community, as it represents real basis for enhancing and improving flexibility and performance of its human resources (administrative and medical staff) on one hand.

Abstract

The research dealt with the performance of developmental achievement in Iraq as an expression of a contemporary vision of sustainable development through the implementation of the 2030 sustainable development plan. future visions to activate it, with a focus on the importance of national levers to deal with crises, With a focus on the importance of national levers to deal with crises, and the research stems from the hypothesis that sustainable development is a historic opportunity for Iraq to reduce and overcome crisis (economic - health - and political) if they are adopted and achieve its goals. From the convictions formed through studies and dialogues of the Iraqi development performance, It has become necessary to draw a picture of the interventions that the Iraqi government, non-governmental and external actors can undertake to improve the quality and sustainability of quality of life through better provision of health services, reduce corruption and enhance human security.

Abstract

The interest of researchers and scholars, whether specialists or researchers in general, in studying everything related to drugs, the reasons for their use, their harms, their types, and methods of prevention, due to the seriousness of their use and addiction and their negative effects on human health and social life, in addition to the fact that they are a major cause of the collapse of societies. This study is complementary to a number of academic studies that included the dangers of drugs. This research shed light on the definition of drugs, their natural and synthetic types, and their harms. In the same context, the research discussed the main reasons for drug use, including economic, psychological, social, and others. The research also pointed to the effects of drug use and its harms on individuals, families, and society as a whole, from a physical, psychological, and social perspective. We pointed out the role of the family in educating children about its dangers, staying away from bad company, following up with them, solving their problems and listening to them, in addition to the role of educational institutions in raising awareness and education about the dangers of drugs, especially schools and universities, and providing aid and advice to students and cooperating with health and media institutions, civil society organizations and security agencies to reduce drug abuse and addiction. Among the important topics discussed in the research are methods of preventing drug abuse and addiction.

Abstract

The research aims to clarify the mechanism for implementing the program and performance budget and its importance as a modern tool for financial reform by adopting the descriptive approach and the case study approach by reviewing the Egyptian experience in implementing this type of budget, in addition to designing a proposed model for implementing the program and performance budget in three ministries (Electricity, Construction and Housing, and Health) in line with the Iraqi national strategic objectives. The research showed that the success of the Egyptian experience in implementing this budget requires a clear institutional structure, integration between planning, financing, and implementation, and the availability of advanced information systems. The research also showed that ministries such as Health, Electricity, and Construction and Housing have appropriate capabilities for the gradual implementation of the program and performance budget, especially with the presence of projects that can be evaluated and performance monitored. This requires an explicit legal and legislative framework that requires the adoption of the program and performance budget, which is considered one of the fundamental obstacles facing implementation in Iraq.

Abstract

This research aims to explore the importance of financial analysis and its contribution to enhancing environmental performance evaluation by utilizing financial ratios in financial analysis and addressing environmental issues to improve and maintain the environment and performance of government units. The research problem centres on the negative impact of neglecting financial analysis of financial statements and the financial information they contain regarding environmental performance on making appropriate decisions in performance evaluation. Therefore, the researchers sought to prove the hypothesis that using financial ratios in financial analysis and comparing financial information with non-financial information enhances environmental performance evaluation procedures. The study examined the environmental reality of the Medical City Directorate under the Ministry of Health, which is considered a unit affecting the environment. It involved an analytical review of the issued reports and financial analysis of the budget execution statement. The research concluded that the government unit in question showed weak environmental performance due to insufficient attention to pollution control, affecting most environmental aspects, and failure to apply environmental laws and regulations. Key recommendations include the need to comply with environmental laws and regulations and the necessity of establishing an environmental auditing plan or program to cover all environmental activities of the directorate.

Abstract

Abstract:

Iraq has witnessed in recent years a clear and widespread

Iraq has witnessed in recent years a clear and widespread spread of drugs, as evidenced by what is being reported by government agencies such as the Ministry of Health, security services and the media, as some official sources reveal frightening numbers regarding the number of drug users, reaching approximately 40% to 50% of uneducated youth or school students between the ages of 15-35, who are from families with a low standard of living. Accordingly, universities, schools and relevant ministries have begun to warn against this scourge through seminars, conferences, guidance and awareness. Drugs are one of the phenomena that directly affect the structure of Iraqi society in all aspects, whether economic, security, health, political or cultural. Therefore, it is necessary to confront and combat them to limit their impact and eliminate them once and for all, by knowing the reasons that lead to the use of this dangerous phenomenon due to its social and psychological effects that lead the addict to difficulty in doing work, disordered thinking and difficulty communicating with others without a narcotic substance and other matters. Accordingly, it is necessary to It should not be dealt with individually, but rather collectively through political, economic, cultural, security and media cooperation to confront this scourge because of its impact on society as a whole.

Abstract

The study aimed to identify the impact that the spread of the Corona Virus pandemic had on the global economy, and on the performance of the economic sectors in the world, with reference to the impact it had on the Iraqi economic sectors during the outbreak of the epidemic; In order to achieve the goal of the study, the descriptive analytical method was relied upon by presenting the performance of economic sectors globally and in Iraq; The study concluded that the Corona virus pandemic led to a severe recession in the global economy unprecedented since the Great Depression; The study also found that the Corona virus pandemic caused a significant decline in the performance of economic sectors in varying proportions from one sector to another due to the impact of the closure policies that governments followed in order to control the spread of the pandemic; The pandemic revealed the weakness of the health sector in the world in general, especially in Iraq, where the health sector has been neglected for many years; The study also found that the tourism sector was the most affected sector compared to other sectors that managed to recover gradually after easing the closure measures.

Abstract

The research aims to highlight the role of lean manufacturing principles in enhancing the requirements of green manufacturing at Al- Karwanchi Company for beverages, healthy water, juices, dairy products, and energy drinks. The research problem lies in the company's lack of attention to recycling its products, despite using raw recyclable materials, leading to increased waste accumulation and environmental and health issues. This situation negatively impacts the environment and increases the costs of waste disposal and non-biodegradable materials.

To address this, adopting lean manufacturing principles becomes essential, as they focus on reducing waste and improving production efficiency to meet green manufacturing requirements. A questionnaire was designed for data collection and distributed to a sample of employees in the company, with 242 questionnaires collected from a population of 548 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software (SPSS V.26 - AMOS V.24).

The results supported the research hypotheses and confirmed the positive objectives and validity of the research model, revealing a direct impact of the independent variable (lean manufacturing) through its principles (both collectively and individually) on the dependent variable (green manufacturing) in terms of its requirements (collectively).

Based on these findings, several recommendations were made, the most important of which is that institutions should consider transitioning to a circular economy, where materials and waste are reused in the production process. This approach will help reduce environmental impacts and achieve greater resource sustainability.

Abstract

The aim of the research is to clarify the role that environmental control demonstrate in achieving the requirements of sustainability, and the research relied on an independent variable, which is environmental control, while the dependent variable sustainability had four requirements: (rationalization of resource consumption, reducing pollution, reducing the impact on human health, using Renewable energy), and a simple, comprehensive, stratified sample was selected, represented by the administrative leaders and administrators in the General Company for Battery Industry / Babel 1 plant in Baghdad. What is the role of environmental control in achieving sustainability requirements?) by testing two main hypotheses about correlation and influence relationships. difference), in addition to finding the relative importance, on the basis of which it is possible to know the level of order of each paragraph or dimension in addition to the test of to the main hypotheses by using the statistical program (SPSS.V.23) to extract the results.

    The research reached a set of conclusions regarding environmental control, most notably the lack of interest of the laboratory management in the periodic evaluation process for the extent of compliance with environmental legislation related to environmental control, which is negatively reflected in the discovery of deviations in environmental work. It has positive repercussions in detecting the extent of deviation when applying regulations and instructions related to environmental legislation.

Abstract

Women role in achieving sustainable development becomes as a one of most important issues in societies in general and in Iraq as a special case. She has a great role as her partner (man) has especially in achieving economic development; instead of this fact but the path is still not clear and long to say that! Due to the global numbers that shared internationally without serious scientific logic treatment; where statistical numbers refer that Iraq still in level (154 out of 156) around the world; and for economic & educational sectors in specific, unfortunately Iraqi women register around (0.228/1) and (0.8/1) respectively as Global Economic Institute announced in 2021. 

In order to understand this fact, there is a benefit to review the real role of Iraqi women in establishing societies’ infrastructure and trying to decrease the gap especially in her role in education, health-care, in addition to employ and invest her innovative ideas into pioneer projects.

Abstract

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a critical mechanism for promoting sustainable development, particularly in the context of higher education institutions. This field study explores the role and impact of PPPs at Future University, focusing on how PPPs contribute to achieving the university's sustainable development goals. The study uses a descriptive approach by distributing (80) questionnaires to Future University staff, which were analyzed using SmartPLS V.4. The results reveal that PPPs at Future University facilitated infrastructure development, enhanced academic programs, and promoted research initiatives aligned with sustainability goals. However, challenges such as aligning stakeholder interests, ensuring long-term commitment, and maintaining transparency were identified as barriers to maximizing the potential of these partnerships. The study concludes that while PPPs offer significant opportunities to promote sustainable development in higher education, their success depends on strong governance frameworks, clear communication, and shared value creation among all stakeholders. The study provides recommendations to strengthen existing partnerships and guide future collaborations at Future University and similar institutions.

Abstract

Aim of research is to measure role of organizational Identification indicators in addressing causes of organizational crises in light of Corona pandemic, As intellectual framework of this research was formed through interaction of two variables (organizational Identification and crises). In order to understand and clarify this framework, indicators of organizational Identification have been adopted, represented by (loyalty, affiliation, similarity). As for dimensions of organizational crises, they were embodied in (deficiency in strategic thinking, lack of understanding of the organization's environment, neglect of the innovation component, weak resources). This research sought to answer a number of questions by presenting intellectual implications of these variables. This is in addition to what was reached through the field side of the research in which it was relied on to design a questionnaire whose paragraphs fit nature of research sample, which was represented in a sample of managers and employees of private hospitals in Karbala governorate, namely (Al-Kafeel Specialized, Hajjah, Zain Al-Abidin(. Research came out with a set of conclusions, in light of which a number of recommendations were raised to hospitals of research community, One of most important conclusions reached by current research is that adoption of organizational Identification indicators effectively contributes to addressing organizational crises in management of hospitals in research community, especially in light of challenges imposed by Corona pandemic, Among most prominent recommendations is need to provide an organizational climate that encourages loyalty and belonging from employees at various levels towards hospital and its services provided, which is reflected in achievement of real and effective treatments in light of this pandemic.

Abstract

The study aimed to know the role of drug-addicted workers in reducing job performance in its dimensions (non-adherence to work hours, misconduct, and low employee productivity). To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted. A questionnaire consisting of (31) paragraphs was developed, and a random sample was drawn so that the study sample consisted of (146) workers in a selected ministry from Baghdad (Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Planning). The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon, and the results were analyzed using the (SPSS) program and descriptive statistics tools. It was concluded that most of the sample members agreed that workers in the ministries surveyed have low drug use and that the job performance of workers in the ministries is good due to the low drug use by workers and that drug-addicted workers cause a decrease in job performance and that this decrease is reflected in the form of frequent absence, misconduct, and low productivity. The most prominent recommendations were the need to conduct awareness courses and implement programs to eliminate addiction in the workplace.

Abstract

Today, The World is living in a state of economic stagnation caused by the emerging (COVID-19), and the impact of the health crisis, as a result of preventive measures, has extended to the total closure and almost complete suspension of economic activities. This research aims to demonstrate the impact of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19) on supply chains, and the extent of the supply chain stumbling and its impact on the gross domestic product, as the research reached results, the most important of which is the presence of a clear stumble in supply chains, for the first and second quarters of the year (2020), which led To the decline in GDP and the volume of demand, and that agile supply chains can recover quickly from sudden setbacks, and as a result, the research recommends the need to modify supply chains to make them more flexible, and pay attention to the strategic level of risk management, as it is preferred for companies to reconsider the system and size of emergency stocks, to face A series of economic challenges resulting from abnormal conditions such as epidemics, or emerging infectious diseases such as the virus (COVID-19) and diversification of supply chains and storage systems practices.

Abstract

The digital era has completely changed how companies communicate with their customers, especially when it comes to marketing. The goal of "The Role of Personalization in Digital Marketing: A Study of Consumer Attitudes and Purchase Intentions" is to get insight into how consumers view digital marketing that is tailored to them, A Pearson correlation coefficient and a five-point Likert scale were used in this study to measure customer attitudes and how they affected purchase intentions. The study instrument displayed strong internal consistency and dependability, as seen by its Cronbach's Alpha coefficients, which varied from 0.724 to 0.901. The results indicate that, in general, tailored digital marketing methods have a favourable effect on customer attitudes and purchase intentions; nevertheless, further research is necessary to fully understand the consequences for consumer trust.

Abstract

Homes bias stock is considered a confusing phenomenon in the financial literature, due to its increase over time, as well as the absence of any justification for this increase. This study aims to analyze the determinants of local bias, especially during the study period, which went through many economic, financial and health crises. The intellectual argument from the study lies in the basic question whether the country's bias towards stocks is affected during the Karuna pandemic, as well as an attempt to know the determinants that affect the country's bias during the study period. A portfolio analysis of economies was conducted for the period (2005 to 2020).

In light of the data obtained for the study sample, represented by portfolios of foreign and local stocks and the market values of those portfolios, as well as several other determinants. The study sample consisted of (64) foreign portfolios. The duration of the study included (16) years for the sample studied as a whole, and it started in the year (2005) until the year (2020). Using many financial and statistical methods, the study reached many conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: According to the theory of portfolio selection and the country’s bias in light of uncertainty corona pandemic, In addition, the study proved that there are several factors, not a single factor, to explain the determinants of the country’s bias, among which are institutional and economic factors that bear the responsibility of reducing foreign investment returns, which are led by the cost-benefit input such as reserves, trade flows, gross domestic product, the number of listed companies and market capitalization. The other explanation is related to behavioral factors that focus on investor behavior, such as familiarity, conservatism, and overconfidence. This proof confirms the acceptance of the main hypothesis. The study concluded in the most important recommendation: the need for investors to be interested in diversifying their investments in order to reduce the country's bias towards local stocks. And to take advantage of external opportunities to achieve the best exchange between efficient returns and risks.

Abstract

Quarterly data were used, with (48) views, and a research problem was posed: Are the expected digital contributions to raising levels of financial inclusion addressed through the quality of digital financial services provided to a sample of the Arab countries under study for the period 2011-2022? The aim of study to shed light on the most important concepts, basics and emergence of financial digitization and financial inclusion, specifically the quality dimension and the extent to which it is affected by some indicators of financial digitization and attempt to disentangle some of the closely related concepts, as well as building a quantitative model capable of clarifying the size, impact and analysis of some indicators of financial digitization represented in (the procedure Or receiving digital payments for those in secondary education +15MPS, making or receiving digital payments for those in primary education or less (MRE), creating digital payments for adults over 25 years of age (MRA), creating digital payments for youth between 15-24 years of age (MRB), in the dependent variable represented by: , Quality/Education, represented by borrowing for health purposes (BHP), and Quality/Age, represented by the number of inactive accounts +15 NIA) by explaining its impact on the financial inclusion dimension (quality(

The ARDL model using the statistical program (Eviews 10) showed that there is a and (significant relationship) between the indicators of financial digitization and financial inclusion, represented by the quality dimension and the models that were tested and based on the global financial inclusion database The Global Findex Database 2021. study reached a set of Conclusions and proposals: Perhaps the most important of them is that the results of the short-term tests were consistent with the long-term results for the two variables with the same interpretation. The compatibility may also be due to financial theory and that those who are younger within this classification have new trends and care by parents for financial awareness and financial knowledge.

Abstract

Human development is the process of expanding individuals' choices and capabilities, enabling them to achieve better and more productive lives. Human development is essential for poverty reduction, as it helps empower the poor by providing them with the skills, knowledge, and resources needed to improve their lives.

Human development helps improve individuals' health by providing healthcare and proper nutrition. This, in turn, leads to increased productivity and reduced medical costs. Human development also contributes to job creation by supporting small and medium-sized enterprises and providing vocational training.Governments, international organizations, and civil society must invest in human development by providing healthcare, education, and vocational training, and by promoting community participation by involving the poor in decision-making that affects their lives. Human development is a powerful tool for poverty reduction. By investing in human development, we can build more just and prosperous societies.

Abstract

The issues of combating poverty and sustainable development are among the most prominent challenges facing both developing and developed societies. Despite the efforts made by governments and international organizations, poverty still directly affects many countries, calling for the adoption of effective investment policies that improve economic and social conditions. Investment in combating poverty includes financial resources allocated to programs and policies aimed at improving the living standards of individuals in poor communities. This includes investments by governments and international organizations in sectors such as education, health, clean water, social finance, and job opportunities. Investing in combating poverty and achieving sustainable development is a long-term process that requires strong commitment from governments, international institutions, and civil society organizations alike. Investment in this area represents a cornerstone for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, which are not limited to improving economic conditions but also extend to promoting social justice and reducing development gaps between different segments of society. The research addresses seizing investment opportunities in Babil Governorate for the period 2021-2024 across all governorate projects. Among the most important conclusions of the research is the need to increase investment in infrastructure and local labor, as well as investment in projects targeting the poorest segments of the governorate's population. The most important finding of the research is the significant impact of investment opportunities in combating poverty and improving the living conditions of the governorate's residents. This contributes to achieving sustainable development for Babil Governorate in particular and Iraq in general.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the nature of the relationship between deposit structure and financial recovery in commercial banks. The sample consisted of ten Iraqi commercial banks during the period 2014–2023, and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was applied to analyze the relationship and effects among the study variables. The findings reveal that the deposit structure has a significant impact on several financial recovery indicators, namely return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and non-performing loans (NPL). The results further indicate that both savings deposits and time deposits exerted a negative effect on ROA, reflecting the limited ability of Iraqi banks to allocate depositors’ funds efficiently and generate adequate returns. Conversely, time deposits showed a clear positive impact on ROE. In addition, all types of deposits were found to have a positive and significant effect on both NPL and CAR, suggesting that growth in deposits increases lending activities and profitability, while also being associated with higher levels of non-performing loans. The significance of this study stems from the fact that deposits represent the primary source of funding for commercial banks and account for the largest share of their resources. However, the distribution of deposits by type and maturity does not necessarily guarantee financial recovery, particularly in light of the financial, health, economic, political, and technological crises that have adversely affected the Iraqi banking sector. Accordingly, the central research question is posed: To what extent does the deposit structure contribute to strengthening the ability of Iraqi commercial banks to achieve financial recovery?   The study concludes that bank managements should improve the quality of banking services and adopt both pricing and non-pricing strategies to attract more stable deposits, while directing them toward high-quality assets and investments that can enhance financial performance.

Abstract

Corruption has become a significant challenge in many countries around the world at various levels, whether in the public or private sectors, and has topped the priorities of many national and international reports. Corruption is not just an issue related to the implementation and quality of governance, but has become a major challenge that hinders sustainable economic growth, fair human development, social justice, and equality between different groups. One of the main goals of governments is to reduce the social ills and problems resulting from corruption, and this is the first step in integrating the interconnection and absolute communication between various aspects of development. Therefore, a successful society is one that is capable of reducing corruption. There is a growing tendency at the international level to adopt technology to combat and reduce corruption, as technology plays an effective role as a transparent oversight tool and allows for greater accountability. Thus, it is an important tool for sustainable development, as the technological tool facilitates the collection, analysis, and updating of data, providing greater flexibility in addressing types and forms of serious financial and administrative corruption recognized internationally. It is also a tool that contributes to the development of better mechanisms to combat corruption and governance strategies, and environmental protection, health, education, communications, and poverty reduction are considered key indicators in preventing and combating corruption. This research reviews the role of modern technology in combating administrative and financial corruption in both developing and developed countries, as it is considered one of the most prominent factors that contribute to improving transparency and reducing opportunities for corruption, clarifying the relationship between corruption and sustainable development, and explaining how corruption negatively affects financial resources and hinders the achievement of social justice and economic development.

Abstract

The aim of present study is to explain the role of human resource development in achieving the organizational loyalty. The suggested hypothses which have been used clarified the relationship between the studied variables The following was concluded:
a- The study used the human resource development as constant variable with five important dimensions: (individual's development, organization development, systematic teaching, working groups, and human resource development strategies). In addition to three dependable dimensional variables to achieve organizational loyalty (emotional loyalty, continuous loyalty and standard loyalty). A questionnaire was applied by the emloyees of inspection department. Seventy-five (75) questionnaires out pf ninety (90) questionnaires were obtained and included (52) parts. SPSS v23 program was used for data analysis.
b- Among the results that were reached is “It emerged from the results of the research that the Inspection Department shows a high interest in developing human resources. That it clearly shows and is evident through the interest in his work, which in turn reflects positively on the organizational loyalty of the employees"
c- The most important recommendations reached by the two researchers, "The need to pay attention to the development of human resources in all Iraqi organizations because of its great importance in the employees' attachment and loyalty to the organization.".

Abstract

Entrepreneurial leadership is considered one of the key factors that contribute to organizational success and foster innovation and creativity within organizations. This research is an analytical study examining the impact of entrepreneurial leadership on creative work behavior at the University of the Future in Babel Governorate. The study aims to understand the role of entrepreneurial leadership in enhancing a creative work environment and motivating employees to innovate and create, thereby improving the overall effectiveness of the organization.

The research is based on the analysis of field data collected through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of faculty members and staff at the University of the Future. The questionnaire was designed to include several aspects related to entrepreneurial leadership practices, such as strategic vision, inspiration, trust, and communication, as well as their impact on employees' creative work behavior. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods for the study.

The results of the study revealed that entrepreneurial leadership plays a pivotal role in promoting creativity and innovation within the university. The application of entrepreneurial leadership dimensions positively contributed to improving collaboration and interaction among employees, motivating them to offer innovative ideas and solutions in the university’s work environment. The study also confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and creative work behavior, indicating that entrepreneurial leadership effectively drives employees toward adopting more creative work methods.

Moreover, the study found that entrepreneurial leadership requires the availability of certain fundamental factors, such as strategic vision, inspiration, mutual trust between leaders and employees, and effective communication. These factors help create a work environment that enables employees to think creatively and present innovative solutions that contribute to organizational development.

In conclusion, the study recommends enhancing the concept of entrepreneurial leadership at the University of the Future by implementing training and development programs targeted at academic leaders to strengthen entrepreneurial leadership skills. The study also recommends focusing on key leadership dimensions, such as improving internal communication between different departments and enhancing the strategic vision, to create a sustainable and creative work environment.

Abstract

This study examines the role of university 0.4—a conceptual framework integrating technology, accessibility, and inclusive policies—in upholding the right to education at Al-Mustaqbal Private University, the research assesses how digital transformation, adaptive learning systems, and institutional policies contribute to equitable access, quality education, and student success. Data was collected via surveys (N=73 faculty), interviews with administrators, and analysis of academic performance metrics. Findings suggest that University 0.4 initiatives, such as virtual classrooms, AI-driven support tools, and financial aid programs, significantly reduce barriers for marginalized groups, including low-income and disabled students. However, challenges like digital literacy gaps and infrastructure limitations persist. The study concludes with recommendations for scaling University 0.4 innovations to align with SDG 4 (Quality Education) and national educational rights frameworks.

Abstract

The research aims to identify the extent of the impact of re-engineering banking operations in strengthening internal marketing , and proposing new mechanisms aimed at overcoming obstacles that stand in the way of developing performance in banks, research sample and working to improve their performance, as the re-engineering of banking operations is a modern method used in implementing changes in banks, therefore the research community was represented by the commercial banks operating in Basra governorate and 6 banks were selected from them, the research sample included a group of 32 employees in these banks, the analysis was based on a solid base that sought to reveal the practices of these banks in how to improve their banking operation, a number of hypotheses related to the influence relationships between the research variables represented by re-engineering banking operations and internal marketing were tested, the data were processed by statistical methods using (SPSS) program, the results of the statistical analysis of the data collected through the questionnaire tool prepared for this purpose showed that there is an impact of the dimensions of the re-engineering of banking operations on the dimensions of internal marketing in banks .

Abstract

The research includes the nature of the relationship between the causes of drug abuse as a dependent variable as a result of the effects of economic and social factors in the world with reference to Iraq as an independent variable. The research aims to clarify the complex interaction of many components surrounding society that lead to the alarming rise in drug abuse. By examining the network of socio-economic conditions and drug abuse, this analysis seeks to provide a broad understanding of the root causes, patterns and suggestions for individuals and societies. The study begins by discovering the socio-economic factors that force individuals to abuse drugs. Economic disparities, limited access to education and employment opportunities, and inadequate health care resources arise as major motivators. The study thus explores how these factors make the environment vulnerable to drug abuse, as individuals facing economic hardship may help to abuse drugs as a coping mechanism or a means of escape. Ultimately, this analysis advances the current debate on drug abuse by providing a nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between socioeconomic factors and drug abuse, and by highlighting the complex web of influences as causal variables for drug abuse, the study offers solutions and policy changes that can positively impact individuals and communities exacerbated by this prevalent concern

Abstract

The study sought to activate the learning dimensions of the organization to become a (learning organization) capable of managing its strategic crises, so learning is the way that preserves its potential and strengthens its capabilities to be more rapid in reaction to successive changes and crises, so if organizations want to be effective in an environment dominated by uncertainty It has to rely on its ability to learn, and the availability of its dimensions will provide it with the ability to manage its strategic crises. Hence, the research problem started through a set of research implications that were:
- Is there a correlation relationship between the learning organization and strategic crisis management.?
- Is there an effect of the learning organization in strategic crisis management?
- Is there a contribution to the dimensions of the learning organization in strategic crisis management.?
The research assumed the existence of these dimensions in the researched organizations and how these dimensions affect the organization’s strategic crisis management, in order to achieve a flexible response to the turbulent changes of the crisis, and to achieve these objectives, a set of field-tested hypotheses were formulated by adopting the opinions of the members of the research sample, in order to accurately test the hypotheses and ensure their validity. Relying on a number of statistical methods appropriate for these relationships.
The research reached a set of Conclusions which confirmed its hypotheses to show the existence of a positive moral correlation as well as the existence of a moral impact of the learning organization in strategic crisis management. The educational dimensions of the organization as an explanatory variable have been identified 68% of the change in strategic crisis management as a responding variable. To present a set of recommendations aimed at activating the positive relations achieved and indicating the aspects that need to redraw their future paths in the researched organizations in particular and the corresponding organizations in general to confront the multiple crises, especially the (Covid-19) crisis.