Search Results for economic-governance
Abstract
This research aims to test the relationship and impact between green finance strategies (environmental, social, economic, governance, and compliance) and the management of climate change risks (physical, liability, and transition). The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach to achieve its objectives. It analyzed the reality of three private Iraqi banks: the National Bank of Iraq, the International Development Bank, and the Bank of Baghdad. To collect the necessary data, a field questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of managers, department heads, employees, and others working in private banks in Iraq. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, 50 for each bank, and 124 valid responses were retrieved for statistical analysis. The researcher used the SPSS program to analyze the statistical data, test the hypotheses, and measure the relationships between the variables. The study also referred to the Egyptian experience as a model for implementing green finance strategies and addressing climate change. The research focused on two main hypotheses: the first assumes a significant correlation between green finance strategies and climate change risks across the various dimensions such as environmental, social, economic, governance, and compliance. The second hypothesis assumes that green finance strategies have a statistically significant impact on the management of climate change risks at both the main and sub-variable levels. The importance of the research lies in introducing and deepening the understanding of green finance and climate change issues, and in analyzing the extent to which green finance contributes to addressing climate-related risks. The results of the analysis confirmed the validity of all hypotheses, revealing statistically significant relationships between the strategies (environmental, social, economic, governance) and the three types of climate risks (physical, liability, and transition), which confirms the growing awareness of the importance of green finance.
Abstract
Despite Iraq's vast natural resources and its adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since 2015, poverty rates remain high and income inequality widens. This reflects the limited capacity of the Iraqi economy to translate economic growth into tangible improvements in welfare and human development. This raises questions about the nature and extent of the short- and long-term impact of poverty and income inequality on the path to sustainable development. This study aimed to analyze the impact of poverty and income inequality on sustainable development in Iraq, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), during the period 2015–2023. The study employed a descriptive, analytical, quantitative approach using annual time series data. The Autoregressive Distributed Limiting (ARDL) model was applied due to its suitability for the data type, small sample size, and ability to handle mixed integration ranks. Unit root tests, bounds tests, and diagnostic tests were conducted to verify the model's validity and stability. The study's findings revealed a long-term equilibrium relationship between poverty, income inequality, and human development in Iraq, with statistically significant effects of these two variables on the long-term Human Development Index (HDI). Furthermore, the ECM error correction model demonstrated short-term dynamics and a gradual adjustment towards long-term equilibrium, confirming that poverty and income inequality constitute structural obstacles to achieving sustainable development. The study recommends adopting integrated economic and social policies to reduce poverty, ensure equitable income distribution, improve the efficiency of public spending in education and health, and strengthen economic governance in Iraq.
Abstract
Despite Iraq's vast natural resources and its adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since 2015, poverty rates remain high and income inequality widens. This reflects the limited capacity of the Iraqi economy to translate economic growth into tangible improvements in welfare and human development. This raises questions about the nature and extent of the short- and long-term impact of poverty and income inequality on the path to sustainable development. This study aimed to analyze the impact of poverty and income inequality on sustainable development in Iraq, as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), during the period 2015–2023. The study employed a descriptive, analytical, quantitative approach using annual time series data. The Autoregressive Distributed Limiting (ARDL) model was applied due to its suitability for the data type, small sample size, and ability to handle mixed integration ranks. Unit root tests, bounds tests, and diagnostic tests were conducted to verify the model's validity and stability. The study's findings revealed a long-term equilibrium relationship between poverty, income inequality, and human development in Iraq, with statistically significant effects of these two variables on the long-term Human Development Index (HDI). Furthermore, the ECM error correction model demonstrated short-term dynamics and a gradual adjustment towards long-term equilibrium, confirming that poverty and income inequality constitute structural obstacles to achieving sustainable development. The study recommends adopting integrated economic and social policies to reduce poverty, ensure equitable income distribution, improve the efficiency of public spending in education and health, and strengthen economic governance in Iraq.
Abstract
This study examines the preventive role of Legal Technology (LegalTech) in monitoring anti-competitive behaviors, with a particular focus on current challenges in Iraq. The problem arises from the limitations of traditional tools in detecting collusion and monopolistic practices, in contrast to the potential offered by LegalTech solutions such as artificial intelligence algorithms and digital reporting platforms. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical and comparative methodology, reviewing successful international experiences (the European Union, Singapore, and the United Kingdom), alongside an Iraqi case study in a key sector. The underlying hypothesis suggests that while LegalTech provides promising opportunities for regulatory oversight, its effectiveness in Iraq depends largely on the development of digital and legislative infrastructures. Preliminary findings indicate that LegalTech can play the role of an "early warning mechanism" against anti-competitive practices. However, Iraq faces structural and legislative challenges that require urgent addressing.
Accordingly, the research seeks to provide a cognitive and policy contribution that deepens understanding of the preventive role of LegalTech and supporting Iraqi decision-makers in addressing current challenges, thereby fostering a fairer and more competitive economic environment.