Search Results for competition

Abstract

This research aims to identify the contribution made by competition in helping young people implement their medium, small and micro projects, in order to ensure their success and achieve the desired goals, specifically in the early stages of establishing these projects. The research problem confirmed that many young people rely on the main pillars of competition (cost, quality, creativity, flexibility) in implementing their projects, but they do not have sufficient knowledge about their most important cognitive contents and how to invest them in competition with others. Accordingly, there is a cognitive deficiency more than a field deficiency in this field. As for the importance of the research, it was represented in presenting a set of proposals that contribute to enhancing the ability of the researched sample and society to invest in the relationship between competition and the success of youth projects (medium, small, and micro). Accordingly, this research aims to diagnose the reality of these two variables and discover the relationships of association and influence between them. To complete the research in its theoretical and field areas, the descriptive approach was adopted. The researchers also relied on a set of previous ideas in designing the questionnaire that was used in collecting data, after testing and adapting it to suit the Iraqi environment, which was distributed to a sample of young people with projects (medium, small, and micro) in the Shorjah area and the Arab market in Baghdad, numbering (376) individuals. The researchers also used measures of central tendency in processing the data from a statistical perspective using a set of tools available in the statistical program (SPSS.v23). These statistical tools provided researchers with a set of results that confirmed the application of the foundations of competition (cost, quality, creativity, flexibility), and youth projects (medium, small, and micro) to a high degree from a statistical point of view. Moreover, the foundations of competition contribute to a moral and statistical degree in enhancing the ability of youth to implement their projects and their success. Accordingly, the researchers recommended reviewing the world's experiences and the mechanisms that were adopted to encourage competition among youth, in addition to the support that was provided to them, whether materially or morally, and helping them build their various projects, and trying to transfer them to the Iraqi environment to invest their results and employ them in innovating various projects, whether (medium, small, and micro).

Abstract

This essay discusses the many obstacles Iraq must overcome as it negotiates the swift digital transition brought about by new technology. Iraq urgently needs updated legal frameworks to handle sophisticated digital crimes that impede fair competition in light of the country's growing digital economy and emerging technical frontiers. The dynamics of digital markets cannot be adequately regulated by current anti-monopoly and competition laws since they are unable to keep up with dangers unique to the digital sphere, like information crimes. The effectiveness of Iraq's current legal, regulatory, and judicial systems in thwarting monopolistic behaviors and fostering competition in the digital age is examined in this paper. The study suggests a multifaceted strategy for bolstering Iraq's legal framework and competition laws, starting with significant investments in digital infrastructure and public-private cooperation. Increasing worker specialization, raising awareness of digital crimes, updating competition rules to match technology advancements, and broadening digital access across areas are some of the main recommendations. The report also calls on government agencies, business players, and non-governmental organizations to coordinate their activities and promotes international alliances to build technical oversight capacities. Iraq can strengthen its position in the global digital economy, encourage fair competition, and support economic growth by putting in place a robust digital regulatory framework

Abstract

This essay examines how important anti-monopoly and competition laws are for promoting global collaboration, economic expansion, and avoiding market distortions. The report emphasizes Iraq's desire to use competition laws as a springboard for a larger plan to develop trade and economic ties domestically and abroad. The study examines how Iraq might adopt and modify comparable frameworks to support free market policies, improve consumer welfare, and promote industrial growth by comparing them to the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) effective implementation of competition legislation. Based on the UAE's strategy, the study suggests actions Iraq should take to create strong competition laws, such as bolstering judicial processes, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and boosting institutional capabilities. These initiatives seek to advance sustainable economic growth and bring Iraq into compliance with international norms. Iraq may foster a fair, competitive environment that draws investment and advances its sociopolitical and economic goals by putting in place a regulatory framework influenced by the UAE's experience. To guarantee the efficient execution and supervision of competition laws, the report suggests collaborating with regional partners like the United Arab Emirates and launching extensive reforms in Iraq's regulatory agencies.

Abstract

It is not superfluous to claim that Iraqi banks are not technologically advanced. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that affect the adoption of electronic banking services in the Iraqi banking industry. The researchers focused on discussing and examining three main factors: the technological factor, the systems factor (legal and economic), and the environment factor (internal and external). The researchers used the descriptive approach in presenting and discussing the theoretical framework of the research and previous studies. Then they used the analytical statistical approach in examining the influencing factors. The questionnaire method was used to collect primary data from the research sample, which represented 16 Iraqi banks. 101 questionnaires suitable for analysis were obtained. Compiling the answers and analysing them statistically. The results of the study indicated that the main obstacles facing the Iraqi banking industry in adopting electronic banking services are: security risks, lack of trust, lack of a legal and regulatory framework, lack of information and communications technology infrastructure, and lack of competition between local and foreign banks. The researchers proposed a series of measures that the banking industry and government could take to address the various challenges identified. These measures include: creating a clear set of legal frameworks on the use of technology in the banking industry, supporting the banking industry by investing in ICT infrastructure, and banks should focus on competing in technological innovation rather than the traditional rules of retail banking competition.

Abstract

This research paper aims to review some aspects of the public sector's monopoly and dominance over economic activities, which makes it impossible to achieve real investment. To achieve this goal, descriptive analysis was relied upon by relying on data from official bodies and analyzing the structure of the public and private sectors and the most prominent they practice. The paper concluded that the shortcomings lie in the existence of a large number of economic activities monopolized   by the state, which represent brakes on the investment process and real growth. Accordingly, the most important thing we recommend is the necessity of fully striving for a full partnership between the public and private sectors in accordance with existing legislation and determining the aspects assigned to each side to prevent monopoly and support competition that enhances access to the market economy

Abstract

This study deals with the strategic analysis of the internal environment and highlighting the strengths that are invested to achieve the goals of the institution and reduce the weaknesses faced by the institution and represent an existing danger to reach the goals of the institution, and the role of those internal dimensions in achieving competitive advantage and maintaining and sustaining it, Knowing the availability of strengths in banking institutions and monitoring and reducing weaknesses that they are exposed to, especially since institutions live in a rapidly changing environment with renewed desires in the tastes of customers, which necessitates achieving a sustainable competitive advantage appropriate to its capabilities and capabilities, which enables the institution to excel in its field of specialization by providing various Unique to its customers and always better than its competitors, This research was applied through the use of data for a number of commercial banks operating in the Middle Euphrates region on a sample of managers working in them with a total number of (100) respondents for the period from 1/8/2022 to 29/9/2022, and a number of statistical analyzes and tests were used. Using the statistical programs (AMOS), (Excel, (Spss), a special measuring tool has been designed to collect the necessary data that serves the research topics.

The research has reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: Banking institutions are affected by the internal factors of strengths and reduce the weaknesses that institutions are exposed to in order to face competition and competitors, The research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which were: The necessity of analyzing the internal environment of the institutions to find out the appropriate strengths and exploiting them correctly and to reduce the weaknesses that they are exposed to and reduce them or confront them to reach the success of the institution and face market competition.

Abstract

In light of the growing trend towards a market economy and the liberalization of trade exchanges, achieving a fair competitive environment has become one of the fundamental pillars of any economic system that seeks efficiency, innovation, and consumer protection. However, monopolistic practices – whether explicit or disguised – are among the most significant challenges that hinder this path, especially in countries where legislation still fails to keep up with the complexities of the modern market.

The Iraqi legislative environment, despite having a competition law, still suffers from a weakness in deterrent and monitoring tools, and a lack of specialized institutional mechanisms capable of monitoring and limiting monopolistic practices, especially those that take the form of covert alliances or control through technology. Despite the issuance of the Iraqi Competition and Anti-Monopoly Law No. 14 of 2010, the legislative and regulatory reality reveals a deep structural flaw in the ability to effectively confront monopolistic practices, The existing texts are characterized by a degree of generality and ambiguity, and do not reach the level of technical detail necessary to track modern monopolistic practices, especially those that occur through data control, hidden pricing, and cross-market alliances. Additionally, the absence of precise definitions for key concepts, such as 'dominance' and 'anti-competitive agreements', weakens the ability of courts and regulatory bodies to apply the texts rigorously and consistently. This is further compounded by institutional shortcomings. The concerned bodies responsible for law enforcement lack independence, human resources, and specialized technical capabilities, which often renders their oversight merely symbolic. Furthermore, the mechanisms for investigating monopolistic practices and the accompanying judicial procedures suffer from slowness and complexity, which undermines the deterrent effect of legal intervention. In light of these circumstances, an unequal market environment is reproduced, allowing certain economic actors to entrench their monopolistic positions at the expense of the principle of equal opportunities and consumer rights.

Abstract

It is impossible to overstate how important employees are to a small business' survival and how well they are managed. This is especially true because, smaller businesses depend more on the individual contributions of the employees to the overall success of the business. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are significantly more prevalent than large corporations worldwide and employ a greater proportion of the labor force. In many economic sectors, SMEs are credited with fostering competition and innovation. While SMEs in Nigeria produce more jobs than large companies do, they also face difficulties that call for the assistance of experts from a variety of fields, including human resources managers. Therefore, this study uses a basic literature review and desk research approach to investigate the potential role of human resource management in SMEs in Nigeria. The main issues with SMEs' prior to the COVID-19 pandemic are identified as being insufficient skills and training, as well as depression and high labor turnover during the pandemic in Nigeria. In order to increase their effectiveness and efficiency in Nigeria, efforts are made to encourage SMEs to implement human resource management philosophies. As a result of the fact that no organization, no matter how big or small, can function without people, the study comes to the conclusion that human resource management is crucial. The study therefore recommends, among other things, that in order for Nigeria to experience sustainable post-COVID-19 business growth, SMEs must immediately implement human resource management strategies.

Abstract

The study aims to determine the level of techniques used in the State Company for Electrical Industries to optimize the supply chain that seeks to meet the needs and requirements of customers. In order for the company to survive and grow, especially in light of the increasing competition, it must develop or update its production system in line with the business environment, This study came to address the problem faced by the State Company for Electrical Industries, . The study relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in surveying the opinions of the study sample members in the General Company for Electrical Industries in collecting data and information needed for modern technologies and streamlining the supply chain in the practical aspect. Various specializations (administrative, engineering and technical) by (84%), the results were analyzed with the adoption of the statistical program SSPS V.25). And that the company’s management gives attention to streamlining the supply chain and is interested in maintaining the level of performance of its production operations by following the necessary procedures and instructions in order to reduce the negative effects on production processes to the maximum extent possible

Abstract

The research aims to study the impact of the marketing intelligence system in achieving competitive advantage in the research community and to identify the reality of the application of the marketing intelligence system in it, as the study included two variables representing the independent variable marketing intelligence in its dimensions (customer understanding, market analysis, product intelligence, competitor monitoring) while the dimensions of the dependent variable were the competitive advantage (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery). The research relied on the questionnaire for the purpose of collecting primary data as the research community was represented in Al-Nasik Islamic bank for investment and finance in Baghdad was also selected the intentional research sample consisting of (29) manager in the bank, has been used in the research a set of statistical tools to process data using the program (SPSS V. 26). The study reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which was the existence of a positive relationship and a positive impact of the marketing intelligence system in achieving the competitive advantage of Al-Nasik Islamic Bank, and a set of recommendations were made, most notably: The necessity for the bank management to realize the importance of product intelligence by reviewing the services it provides, their quality and pricing methods to suit the needs and desires of customers and what the marketing environment imposes in light of the intense competition.

Abstract

The aim of the research is to test the mediating role of the strategic capabilities in strengthening the relationship between strategic learning and digital business strategies by application in a sample of mobile telecommunications companies in the holy Karbala province, and in order to achieve this, Asia Cell, Zain Iraq, Korek Telecom, Al-Kafeel Security and Iraq Sale have been selected as an applied field. To search by distributing a questionnaire that included (64) respondents managers of the research sample companies, it included branch managers, department heads, divisional officials, administrative, technical and engineering units, as well as managing directors of private agencies. The simple correlation coefficient (Pearson) was used, and the simple regression equation as well as descriptive statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) by adopting SPSS V.23 program, while the Sobel test was approved to prove the significance of the mean variable. And one of the most important conclusions that was reached is that the strategic capabilities have an effective influence in enhancing the relationship between strategic learning and the digital business strategy of companies, the research sample in light of competition in the Iraqi mobile telecommunications sector. The research was concluded with a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need to employ the mediating role of the strategic potential in enhancing the influential relationship between strategic learning in order to adopt a digital business strategy within the rapidly growing telecommunications sector in line with the provision of new services that add value to the companies of the research sample as well as their employees across its geographically diverse branches.

Abstract

In light of rapid economic changes and the increasing intensity of global competition, economic units seek to achieve excellence and efficiency by improving the management of their resources and reducing costs without affecting the quality of products or services. Rationalizing the allocation of costs is considered one of the modern administrative methods that aims to optimize the use of resources and distribute costs to activities. Strictly proportional to its contribution to creating added value in order to achieve this goal, value chain analysis has become an effective strategic tool that contributes to improving cost allocation and enhancing institutional performance. Value chain analysis, created by Michael Porter, depends on analyzing the main and supporting activities within the economic unit and evaluating them with the aim of identifying activities that contribute to creating value. Reality of the product or service from the customer's point of view, Compared to activities that raise costs without providing a tangible return, this methodology contributes to eliminating unnecessary costs and activities that do not add value, which helps achieve greater efficiency in allocating financial and human resources. Applying value chain analysis helps in restructuring operations in a way that ensures compatibility. Between diverse activities and market needs, This contributes to reducing waste and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. It also contributes to enabling economic units to determine appropriate pricing strategies that reflect actual costs and help enhance profitability margins.

Abstract

Due to the heated competition and the development of modern technology and the importance of the economic aspect, which most sectors center around it, it is the telecommunication sector ,my research aims to address that impact. The impact of the independent variable in marketing prowess as a dependent variable. The research sample was selected at Zain Iraq Telecommunications/Baghdad and the issue was the extent to which agile operations in marketing prowess would be fared in. During the identification, a descriptive exploratory approach was used in SPSS-ver 23data analysis. The research used a series of conclusions, the most important of which was that the company adopts a variety of marketing techniques and techniques that help to attract new customers on an ongoing basis. The research recommended that the company should focus on developing continuous service distribution channels to meet customer demands.

Abstract

The research aims to study the marketing recovery and its impact on the quality of service in the Iraqi Airways Company in Baghdad, affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Transport. The problem of the study focused on explaining the pace of increasing competition between business organizations, perhaps the most prominent of which are international airlines, including the company under study (Iraqi Airways Company - Baghdad), which strives to provide the best services to its customers with the highest quality rates, but it faces many negative issues that prevent the achievement of service quality. The current research relied on three dimensions of marketing recovery, which are: (apology, compensation, and assistance and problem solving). The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The research also included testing the main hypotheses to determine the correlation and influence relationship between the study variables using some methods of the two statistical programs (SPSS, AMOS) and then processing the data obtained. The study included (105) senior and middle management in the company under study (General Manager, Assistant General Manager, Department Manager, Division Manager) The study found a strong correlation and influence between the study variables (marketing recovery and service quality), indicating the interest of the company’s senior and middle management in these two aspects. Among the most important recommendations that emerged from the study are: the necessity for the company under study to rely on marketing recovery in all its dimensions (apology, compensation, problem solving) whether when providing the service or after it Continuing to improve and enhance these dimensions will contribute significantly to achieving quality of service, and it is necessary to conduct periodic surveys that help the company to know the quality of the services it provides, and the extent of customer satisfaction with its performance, as it provides valuable feedback that enables the company to continuously improve its services and respond better to customer expectations and needs, which leads to achieving quality of service.

Abstract

This essay looks at Iraq's attempts to stabilize its administrative and economic sectors in the face of difficulties brought on by both internal and foreign causes that have put a strain on the country's resources. The necessity for regulatory changes, especially the enactment and enforcement of an Anti-Monopoly Law (AML), has been highlighted by problems including excessive unemployment, a lack of public funding, and pervasive administrative inefficiencies. This law is essential for combating corruption and governmental monopoly activities, which have hampered public sector performance and caused administrative disarray. The study looks at how unfair practices that compromise justice and equitable governance have been sustained in Iraq's administrative sector due to ineffective AML enforcement. This study illustrates the advantages of adopting AML in reducing anti-competitive practices and promoting fair market dynamics by comparing China's Anti-Monopoly Law with an examination of Mexican anti-competitive laws. Iraq can significantly improve administrative performance and ensure fair competition by putting in place a strong AML framework that restricts government overreach and lessens cooperation between public officials and private entities. This will ultimately support a more balanced economy and fairer governance.     

Abstract

Foreign trade is an important component of any country's economy because it reflects the extent of the interdependence of this country, the extent of its relations with the countries of the other world, the extent to which mutual benefits are, achieved between these countries and the relative advantages achieved for each country. The customs tariff, as a financial and protectionist tool, has an important role in influencing the balance of payments through the trade balance. Any country that suffers from a deficit in the trade balance, especially developing countries due to the high volume of imports over exports, resorts to the customs tariff because it is the easiest and safest tool to treat this deficit whose effects on The balance of payments as well as the amount of existing foreign exchange reserves to be able to fill the deficit in the remaining balance of payments accounts, such as the financial account, for example,

There is no doubt that the customs tariff exerts an indirect influence on the movement of local investments by giving allowances or emphasizing the import of raw materials or by imposing high tariffs on foreign investors so that the local investor can protect himself and secure his investments inside the country, and this was reversed in a hypothetical indicator To clarify the effect of the tariff on these investments, the research reached an important conclusion, which is the weak effect of the customs tariff on the overall macroeconomic variables due to the weak awareness of the economic authority of the importance of this element and that the trade openness had a negative impact on foreign trade, the expansion of the import structure, and the stability of the structure of exports. The recommendations stipulated in the research is to activate the social and economic role of the tariff by directing customs revenues towards supporting and strengthening the economic sectors to confront foreign competition

Abstract

Entrepreneurial education is currently a fundamental requirement for developing students' abilities and talents, equipping them with academic and practical skills and expertise, and preparing them to keep pace with emerging developments by fostering a culture of entrepreneurship toward creativity and innovation.                                                                      

The current study aims to demonstrate the importance of universities' orientation towards formulating entrepreneurial educational goals and programs for the purpose of developing creativity and innovation by supporting the spirit of entrepreneurial culture among students and encouraging competition to discover entrepreneurs and innovators by encouraging and developing entrepreneurship programs in university educational institutions. The research relies on the use of the descriptive analytical approach and the pursuit of benefiting from international experiences in this field to formulate educational goals towards developing a culture of creativity and innovation Directing the university's vision and mission and transforming them into successful entrepreneurial practices by linking education to practical reality so that the university can play a pioneering role that influences society by preparing graduates who carry a culture of creativity and innovation to achieve sustainable development goals. One of the most important results of the research is the need to direct university policies towards preparing educational programs that enhance the skills of creative students, and encourage students to generate entrepreneurial ideas and transform them into entrepreneurial projects to achieve sustainable development goals and reduce poverty and unemployment. 

Abstract

The research aims to show the role of resource consumption accounting in the process of rationalizing the distribution of costs of productive service centers in economic units as one of the most important approach that help to provide relevant information on how to optimize the exploitation of resources and corresponding activities which leads to increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of performance as a result of reducing costs, which is reflected in the increase in profits, as well as showing the volume of unemployed energy and working to employ it through the production of useful costly information that helps it face developments in the business environmentThis is reflected in the rationalization of decisions made by economic units. The problem is that the methods used in the distribution of the costs of production service centers by local units suffer from shortcomings in this area because they rely on traditional methods in the distribution of the costs of these centers, which results in distortion in the information provided to determine the cost of products.This led to its failure to provide information that helps management make decisions and that using RCA helps economic units keep pace with developments in the business environment. Assists them in making and making decisions that are in the company's interest, such as a resource consumption accounting system that focuses on providing reliable information to rationalize costs and maximize revenues to enhance the company's productive capacity. For the company where it aims to achieve greater success in the competition market, as well as it is based on resources, and is focused on them instead of activities and includes resources in accounting for the consumption of resources consumed by activities only, but includes resources consumed by the resources themselves. In light of these conclusions, a set of recommendations was reached, the most important of which is to help the application of modern management accounting systems that keep pace with the developments of the business environment and provide adequate and appropriate information to economic units.Keywords: accounting for resource consumption, exploitation of idle energy, cost reduction.

Abstract

This research aims to demonstrate the importance of entrepreneurship in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Malaysia, as interest in entrepreneurship has increased at the present time, due to technological progress and the competitive environment of local, international and global projects that had a great impact on the business environment. Entrepreneurship is important in the growth of the economy The country at the macro level and on the growth and expansion of projects and their access to material and financial resources, in order to gain customer satisfaction, increase profitability and market share, and small and medium enterprises can only thrive in a society in which there is an entrepreneurial spirit, love of free work, willingness to take risks, adopt new ideas and understand the mechanisms of competition In the global market. The research problem arises in showing the level of entrepreneurship in Jordan and Malaysia, and this will be done through three sections, the first one includes the theoretical side of the research, and the second topic includes an analysis of the experiences of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Malaysia, and the third topic includes an analysis of Jordan’s data on entrepreneurship

Abstract

A major global reform movement has emerged in the last decades of the twentieth century, encompassing a range of political, economic and social aspects. The collapse of national borders, the globalization of economic activities and transactions, increased competition and free trade, the collapse of the economic structure, and the high rates of poverty and unemployment in developing countries are all consequences of this trend, which coincided with rapid changes in the global economy. This reform has been called for by a number of international agencies and organizations, including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. As one of the most important concerns of global decision-makers, led by the United Nations, the problem of sustainable human development and effective leadership has gained great attention. As a result, the idea of ​​sustainable human development has been linked to good leadership, good governance and effective leadership, and even aid and grants provided to developing countries are now linked to the extent to which these countries adhere to and respect democratic standards, good governance and effective leadership.