Volume 4, Issue 3 (2023)

Abstract

Introduction:

The world is facing a number of challenges, including climate change. Climate change is caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, causing the planet to warm.

The Arab World and Climate Change:

The Arab world is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. The region is already experiencing the effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, and changes in agricultural yields.

The Impacts of Climate Change:

The impacts of climate change are already being felt around the world. They include:

• Rising sea levels: Sea levels are rising due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. This is causing coastal flooding and erosion, and is displacing people and communities.
• More extreme weather events: Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These events are causing damage to property and infrastructure, and are leading to loss of life.
• Changes in agricultural yields: Climate change is affecting agricultural yields, making it more difficult to produce food. This is leading to food insecurity and malnutrition.
• Loss of biodiversity: Climate change is causing the loss of biodiversity, as plants and animals are unable to adapt to changing conditions.

Solutions to Climate Change:

There are a number of things that can be done to address climate change. These include:

• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: This can be done by switching to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and reducing deforestation.
• Adapting to the impacts of climate change: This can be done by building infrastructure that is more resilient to extreme weather events, and by developing new agricultural practices that are more resistant to climate change.
• Financing climate action: Developing countries need financial assistance to help them reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.

Conclusion:

Climate change is a serious threat to the Arab world and the world as a whole. It is important to take action to address this challenge, and to ensure that the region is prepared for the impacts of climate change.

Abstract

The research seeks to highlight the knowledge of the extent of financial and banking progress in the research sample banks, especially in light of the current global financial conditions, which are characterized by their progress and technological acceleration, In providing its services in conjunction with global openings, which encouraged the researcher to focus on studying and linking the variables of digital finance and financial stability in banks in general and the researched in particular because of these two variables, Of the importance and impact on the work of banks and the progress of their business, the questionnaire was used as a main tool in data collection, and the statistical program (Spss-Ver 23) was adopted to analyze and test research hypotheses, The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of significant correlations and influence with positive statistical significance between digital finance and achieving financial stability in the surveyed banks, Several proposals were proposed, most notably increasing interest in digital finance mechanisms in the future to keep pace with rapid global financial developments.

Abstract

The study aims to identify the availability of dimensions and components of marketing intelligence in private hospitals, by studying dimensions of marketing intelligence (product intelligence, competitor intelligence, customer intelligence).

The study was applied in Yemeni private hospitals where the study sample included 80 managerial leaders of those hospitals.

  The study found the results : Marketing intelligence is available at a high level with an average (4.14), Marketing intelligence is available through the product intelligence dimension at a high level with an average (4.15) , Marketing intelligence is available through the competitor's intelligence dimension at a high level with an average (4.12) Marketing intelligence is available through the customer intelligence dimension at a high level with an average (4.14) , There are no statistically significant differences towards the availability of marketing intelligence attributable to variables (age , qualification , years of experience , functional grade) .The study made several recommendations, the most important of which was to build a marketing strategy based on the hospital's overall strategy and future directions. to prioritize marketing research and marketing intelligence to obtain information for the development of medical services, Expand the organizational structure associated with the marketing function and prioritize it in the management aspect the establishment of centres specializing in the collection of marketing information as an entry point for the construction of the marketing intelligence system, Setting up induction courses for marketing intelligence requirements for hospital workers in general and for administrative leaders in particular.

Abstract

It is impossible to overstate how important employees are to a small business' survival and how well they are managed. This is especially true because, smaller businesses depend more on the individual contributions of the employees to the overall success of the business. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are significantly more prevalent than large corporations worldwide and employ a greater proportion of the labor force. In many economic sectors, SMEs are credited with fostering competition and innovation. While SMEs in Nigeria produce more jobs than large companies do, they also face difficulties that call for the assistance of experts from a variety of fields, including human resources managers. Therefore, this study uses a basic literature review and desk research approach to investigate the potential role of human resource management in SMEs in Nigeria. The main issues with SMEs' prior to the COVID-19 pandemic are identified as being insufficient skills and training, as well as depression and high labor turnover during the pandemic in Nigeria. In order to increase their effectiveness and efficiency in Nigeria, efforts are made to encourage SMEs to implement human resource management philosophies. As a result of the fact that no organization, no matter how big or small, can function without people, the study comes to the conclusion that human resource management is crucial. The study therefore recommends, among other things, that in order for Nigeria to experience sustainable post-COVID-19 business growth, SMEs must immediately implement human resource management strategies.

Abstract

The aim of the research was to diagnose the role that knowledge management capabilities (operations and infrastructure) contribute to the response of supply chains with their various components (the response of the operations system, the response of logistics operations, the response of the network of processors), the Traffic Directorate in Nineveh Governorate was the research field chosen for the Applied side of the research, and the research community was represented by the employees of this Directorate, and a random sample of the research community was selected intentionally from the research community who work directly in providing services for issuing official documents to citizens (issuing and renewing market the questionnaire was the main tool in data collection, as (100) forms were distributed, (91) of which were retrieved valid for analysis, the descriptive analytical approach was also adopted in the research, and the statistical software (Smart PLS 4) was employed, including some statistical tests in testing research hypotheses, and one of the most prominent results of the research was the presence of different levels of influence exerted by the variables lying in this research in the approved variables.

Abstract

This study aims to test whether the institutions listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange have a significant correlation between the level of conservative accounting practice with the level of market share returns during the Coronavirus pandemic period as one of the policies to confront the economic repercussions of the Coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the sample included institutions listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange during the 2019 and 2020 years, i.e., the period before the Coronavirus pandemic and during the Coronavirus pandemic for the purpose of comparison. The market value to book value model was used, and the study found that conservative institutions had achieved the highest level of market share prices compared to non-conservative institutions, and the study also found that conservative institutions during the Coronavirus pandemic had achieved a higher correlation coefficient during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, where it reached Pearson correlation coefficient (0.932) during the 2020 year for conservative institutions, while the Pearson correlation coefficient between conservatism and the market value of shares reached (0.853) during 2019,and A study found that the effect of accounting conservatism on market share prices for the year 2019 amounted to (0.731), which is significant regression, and in 2020 it reached (0.852), which is a significant regression, that is, the effect increased by (0.121) during the pandemic period , and this is evidence of the market need for conservatism. Therefore, our study recommends the adoption of accounting conservatism, but in a reasonable manner without exaggeration to face challenges and crises, because the market trusts more conservative accounting policies compared to the impulsive policy.

Abstract

The current research tries to test the nature of the relationship between experiential marketing in enhancing customer confidence and providing a model that can be applied in the Iraqi environment on a large scale. Formulating the research problem, expressed in the following question: Is there a relationship between experimental marketing and its dimensions in enhancing customer confidence? Therefore, the research seeks to study the sub-variables of experimental marketing and to show the extent of their contribution to gaining the customer's trust and to determine the type and nature of the relationship between experimental marketing and customer confidence. The researchers relied on the field study method and the descriptive analytical approach in completing the study and achieving its objectives. The researchers randomly sampled mall customers to conduct a survey of opinions using the questionnaire form, and the number of respondents reached (181) individuals. The data was analyzed using the spss v.26 statistical analysis program, and the structural equation was built by AMOS V.22. Appropriate statistical measures were used to test hypotheses. The research concluded that there is a relationship Impact and correlation between experiential marketing and customer confidence

Abstract

        The international country risk guide referred to the possibility of analyzing a country's political risks using variables that included certain common or differentiated political characteristics that could become an identifiable characteristic of that country. The goal of analyzing such risks is to provide a method for quantifying and monitoring their consequences through multiple variables, including, but not limited to, the performance of financial markets. Such evaluation can be accomplished by assigning risk scores to a group of factors known as political risk elements, and despite the large size of the effects of these risks on market performance (sectors and companies), some parties avoid, ignore, or even include insufficient estimates that do not reflect their significance. As a result, the research problem focused on the idea that such levels of political risk might have a significant positive or negative impact on the performance indicators of the Iraq Stock Exchange. The ARDL model was used in the study to determine the direction and strength of the influence on the research sample. The study uncovered several results, the most important of which was that the voting process and accountability connected to the army's intervention in politics, accountability, and democracy were among the most influential explanatory factors for the two models.

Abstract

          The research aims, in general, to know the extent of the importance of authentic leadership and its role in enhancing the productive organizational energy in the Directorate of Passport Affairs in Baghdad, as the research problem indicated that there is a kind of weakness among the leadership of the Directorate, and this is reflected in turn negatively on strengthening the productive organizational energy in it, so the research seeks To introduce the leaders of the community subject of the research to the importance of employing the positive leadership style (Authentic leadership) with its four dimensions (Self-awareness, Ethical perspective, Transparent relations, Balanced treatment) in order to enhance the organizational energy produced in it, Hence the importance of the research in trying to give a set of solutions that would address the problems of the researched organization as far as it relates to the research variables. Adopting the method of direct observation during the visits that the researchers made to the directorate, and the research community included the senior and middle administrative leaders in the directorate, represented by (the general manager, heads of departments, assistant heads of departments, officials of the divisions). And that is based on the intentional sampling method that included the senior and middle leaders in it, as the researchers distributed (82) questionnaires to the community to be studied, and (75) questionnaires were retrieved, of which (4) were not valid for statistical analysis, so that the number of questionnaires became (71), a questionnaire that represented The research community to be studied, and the two researchers relied on completing the practical aspect of the research on the statistical package (SPSS V.23). direct, while the balanced treatment achieved the highest correlation and effect on the level of variable dimensions.                                                                                                    

Kye Words: Authentic leadership, Productive organizational energy, Directorate of passports affairs\ Baghdad

Abstract

Abstract

This study tests the effect of capital costs on the relationship between free cash flow (FCF) and market value. The study selected twenty-six corporations that were listed on the Jordan securities market from 2010 to 2019. The FCF is an independent variable, cost of capital is a mediation variable (proxy of WACC), and market value added (proxy of firm’s value) is a dependent variable. Baron & Kenny's methodology and the Sobel-test were used to analyze the data of the four hypotheses, including the mediation effect of capital costs on FFC & MVA. Based on the Sobel test results, there is a partial mediation effect of the cost of capital between the free cash flow and the market value added of the firm, and the free cash flow is positively related to the market value added. Therefore, FCF has the capability to send positive signals to financial market participants about the firm's performance.

Keywords: - Free Cash Flow (FCF), Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), Market Value Added (MVA), Mmarket Value of Equity (MVE), Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Beta Coefficient (β). 

Abstract

A goal for this research focused on diagnosing and knowing the relationship and influences between strategic entrepreneurship in its dimensions: (entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial thinking, and strategic resource management), and attractiveness in its dimensions: (attractiveness of the organization, intention, and stature) in Al-Zawraa Company, which is one of the formation companies of the Iraqi Ministry of Industry. The search was conducted for a sample of endodontic language (94) individuals. In it, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool, and in order to reach the desired results, the research used the statistical programs (Microsoft Excel, SPSS V24, Amos 24), and the research reached several results, the most important of which is the presence of two influence relationships and a significant correlation between the independent variable strategic entrepreneurship With its dimensions and the responsive variable, organizational attractiveness, which reflects the critical importance of strategic entrepreneurship and its adoption to reach organizational attractiveness.

Abstract

The objective of the research is to determine the correlation and influence relationship between the independent variable neuromarketing with its dimensions represented by (product, pricing, distribution, promotion) and the dependent variable consumer behavior with its dimensions represented by (environmental awareness, consumer perception of the product, consumer education level, consumer economic condition, benefits perception, social influence) and the degree of arranging these dimensions according to priority.

Abstract

    The aim of this research is to determine the effect of work environment conditions on the performance of workers in Lebanese private hospitals in North Lebanon during the Lebanese financial crisis. A sample of 95 employees of various positions in private hospitals located in North Lebanon was studied: Al-Shamal Hospital, Moawad Hospital, Saydet Hospital, North Lebanon. The descriptive analytical approach was chosen for this research. The data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical program, and descriptive and analytical statistics were used in the analysis process. The results showed that there is a direct, statistically significant effect of the physical and behavioral conditions of the work environment on the health of workers in private hospitals in northern Lebanon during the financial crisis in Lebanon. There is also a direct, statistically significant effect of the health of employees at work on their performance in private hospitals in northern Lebanon during the financial crisis in Lebanon.

Abstract

The research aims to clarify the nature of the banking human resources management information system, as well as to introduce the concept of redesigning jobs in banking organizations, in addition to determining the frameworks of the relationship of correlation and influence between the two variables in the Iraqi banking sector in order to identify a number of means that can be adopted by banking departments in order to build an integrated business model linking the outputs of information systems and their adoption in the process of scientific and systematic redesign of jobs and highlights the importance of the study by addressing important administrative topics added To the literature of administrative sciences, in particular the banking human resources information system and the element of redesigning banking functions, and a sample

The study with (83) respondents in (4) private banks in Baghdad and the opinions of the sample were polled through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and conducted statistical treatments according to the program (SPSS) and a research came out with a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a high impact relationship to the level of development and performance of the human resources information system in redesigning jobs and one of the most important recommendations of the study is the need for the various banking departments, whether operational or supportive, to accurately determine their needs from the various disciplines so that the human resources department in banks can reach To harmonize the job with the specifications of the incumbent and through the use of methods in redesigning jobs in a scientific manner, specifically when using the method of job characteristics

Abstract

The research tracks the problem of the high level of poverty in the country and the relationship of private commercial banks and their work to reduce this problem with the lack of effective solutions and initiatives to reduce this problem, especially since the contribution of these banks in solving this problem is limited. Therefore, the research will track the contribution of these banks to reduce poverty by developing their role And increasing the financing role, on the basis that commercial banks are a basic starting point for increasing bank financing in order to increase the establishment of small and medium enterprises, increase production capacity and contribute to the process of economic and social development, as commercial banks of all kinds are important tools of the economic system in the modern era and there is no growth, prosperity and progress without the use of work private banker.

Abstract

 The problem of the housing sector is considered one of the most important problems that the Iraqi society has suffered from since the fifties of the last century, for several reasons, such as the large and rapid population increase that occurred in recent decades, and the accompanying large-scale migration from rural areas to city centers, and reasons related to the political, economic and security conditions.  In addition to the weakness of the financing system due to weak financing policies supporting housing, as the crisis increased due to the growing housing need, which is estimated at about (3) million housing units, so the Central Bank pursued an unconventional monetary policy to activate the real economic sectors, including the housing sector, in order to alleviate the severity of the crisis  housing in Iraq, and the Real Estate Bank has played a major role in providing real estate loans and alleviating the housing crisis under the initiative of the Central Bank of Iraq.