Search Results for leverage
Abstract
Capital structure is considered a fundamental topic in the field of financial management due to its vital role in supporting corporate financial decisions and its direct impact on financial performance and returns. This study aims to analyze the role of capital structure indicators on abnormal stock returns, with a specific focus on industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, as these returns serve as important indicators of market efficiency and the influence of financial decisions.
The study addresses the relationship between the components of capital structures such as debt and equity—and deviations in stock returns from expected values. These deviations may reflect unexpected opportunities or additional risks borne by investors. The research problem was formulated through inquiries into the impact of the financing mix used by companies on abnormal returns, as well as the extent to which these returns are affected by financial risk and the environmental challenges faced by the Iraqi market.
The significance of this study lies in its attempt to explain how changes in financial leverage influence abnormal returns. It also provides practical indicators that enhance the efficient use of financial resources and help investors gain a better understanding of how to evaluate their returns and expectations based on the components of capital structure. Furthermore, the study seeks to offer insights and recommendations that support financial decision-makers in choosing a balanced capital structure that contributes to growth and risk reduction. The study adopts an analytical approach that integrates theoretical foundations with empirical measurement of financial leverage indicators and abnormal returns, by analyzing data from a sample of listed industrial companies.
Abstract
This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of financing on the market value of firms, by using a sample consisting of six financial firms listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange distributed between the two sectors (insurance and investment), and these companies constitute 60% of the research community for the period (2012-2021), based on the quarterly data to form (240) observations, and for the purpose of testing the hypothesis of the study, the Panel Data technology and the outputs of the Eviews-10 statistical program were relied upon, and multiple regression analysis was relied upon to identify the relationship between the explanatory variable (financial leverage) and the controlling variables (company size , fixed assets, growth opportunities, and trading ratio), with the dependent variable (market value), and the estimation results revealed that there is a statistically significant negative effect between the financial leverage and the market value of the firm, and that the firm's trading ratio and its fixed assets positively and significantly affected the value of the company It also showed that there is a significant negative impact of the firm's size and its growth rate in the market value, This result was consistent with financial theory and related studies in its various environments. Accordingly, about 43% of the change was reached, The outcome of the firm's market value is explained through the variables of the current study, which prompts financial managers to increase interest in how to form suitable sources of financing in a way that reflects positively on the firm's value in the market.
Abstract
The form of estimating, analyzing and interpreting the mechanism and channels of influence that financial flexibility can have with its sub-indices represented by (Liquidity CU, Financial Leverage (FL), towards the value of the company (MVA) for a sample of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange consisting of six companies and for the period (2012-2022).), the main goal that the research sought to achieve. To achieve this, in addition to proving its hypotheses, the research adopted the sum of pooled averages methodology based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Pooled Mean Group (PMG/ARDL) methodology, based on data. The Balanced Longitudinal Panel Data, with a number of views amounting to (66) views, and its experimental results came to confirm that high levels of financial flexibility, whether through an increase in the liquidity index or through a decrease in the financial leverage index, are usually accompanied by positive effects on the company value index on... Long term due to the positive impact that financial flexibility has on the rise in the total market value of securities listed on the financial market, This calls for companies to pay attention to financial flexibility indicators and adopt them as a guide in their work because of their significant and effective role in controlling their sources of financing, protecting them from the risk of default, and supporting their ability to seize available investment opportunities, as well as confronting and overcoming financial crises by increasing the size of their assets compared to their debts and ensuring the availability of... Liquidity below the acceptable level.
Abstract
The research aims to study and analyze the cognitive foundations of analytical procedures and the efficiency of external auditors, in addition to reviewing the relevant literature on the quality of financial reporting. It focuses on the extent to which analytical procedures are applied and on verifying the external auditor’s commitment to their implementation within a selected sample of Iraqi banks (Iraqi National Bank) The study is based on the hypothesis that adopting sound analytical procedures, supported by an audit team that is scientifically and professionally qualified, positively impacts the quality of financial reporting of the audited entity. To achieve the research objectives, the financial statements of the sampled banks were analyzed using financial ratios representing liquidity, activity, leverage, and profitability.
Through a comparison between the ratios used by the external auditors and those applied by the researcher, it was found that the auditors primarily focused on liquidity indicators, applying only the current ratio, without extending the analysis to other ratios related to activity, profitability, and leverage.
The findings revealed that the effective application of analytical procedures by competent external auditors enhances the quality of financial reporting, as each element reinforces the other’s effectiveness; any weakness in one dimension directly affects the reliability of financial reports.
The researcher recommends that analytical procedures and financial ratios be applied by auditors throughout all stages of the audit process, as they provide essential support in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests, while maintaining previous results for comparative and future evaluation purposes..
Abstract
The study aims to analyze the role of strategic digital entrepreneurship in addressing unemployment through indicators of strategic human resource resilience in digital marketing and e-services companies in Najaf Governorate. This comes in light of the rapid digital transformation that has reshaped business environments and opened new horizons for job creation, necessitating the adoption of strategic entrepreneurial practices that enhance competitiveness and contribute to the development of human resources. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected through questionnaire distributed to a sample of (43) individuals out of a total population of (80). The study focused on the dimensions of strategic digital entrepreneurship (opportunity recognition, resource orchestration, innovation, and market positioning), and their impact on addressing unemployment through (job creation, skills development, education and training, social innovation, and support for vulnerable groups), while examining the role of strategic human resource resilience (strategic learning, strategic memory, and strategic DNA). The results revealed a significant effect of strategic digital entrepreneurship on addressing unemployment, as well as the important role of strategic human resource resilience in enhancing organizations’ ability to adapt to digital transformation and leverage it to create job opportunities and develop skills.
Abstract
The research aims to clarify the influence exerted by strategic alliances and its dimensions represented by (value chain partnership, licensing arrangement, joint projects, mutual service union) on strategic shocks and its dimensions represented by (the industrial environment factor (exchange rate fluctuation), the institutional environmental factor (Soft budget constraints are offset by hard one), the company's capabilities (low versus high leverage) and the relationship between them, and the researched field was the contracting companies operating in the city of Mosul (listed within the Iraqi Contractors Union/Ninawa branch), which were chosen to conduct the applied aspect of the research, and the electronic questionnaire was distributed to The researched field was conducted via the WhatsApp application for contractors working in the city of Mosul, and (98) responses were obtained via the electronic link prepared for this purpose. The research community consisted of general managers of contracting companies. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted in the research, and statistical software (spss) was employed. v.27) for statistical analysis of the collected data, and the most prominent results were the presence of an inverse relationship between both strategic alliances and strategic shocks, and there is also a significant effect between strategic alliances on strategic shocks.
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the role of digital intelligence and its dimensions in achieving sustainable performance. To achieve this goal, the researchers relied on the theoretical framework, which addressed the two research variables. They also employed a descriptive and analytical approach to present and analyze the data and extract the most important findings. The research population consisted of the Iraqi General Insurance Company, an affiliate of the Ministry of Finance. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument, distributed to (50) employees at the assistant department manager level and above, representing the upper and middle management of the research population. To verify and test the main hypotheses, the researchers relied on several statistical methods, assisted by the SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 25 statistical software. After conducting several descriptive statistical analyses, such as calculating means, standard deviations, and relative importance, the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The research concluded with several results, most notably: Digital intelligence is characterized by its ability to analyze competitors' activities and understand their current and future goals and strategies, in order to provide services High-quality products for customers. The research yielded a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the company's management to leverage its available digital intelligence to improve its sustainable performance, with particular emphasis on effectively investing in the various dimensions of this intelligence to achieve the desired goals.
Abstract
In the modern digital landscape, a growing number of consumers are actively avoiding traditional advertising channels. This trend is driven by factors such as information overload, advertising fatigue, and increasing concerns over data privacy. As a result, marketers face significant challenges in reaching and engaging these ad-avoidant consumers, necessitating the development of new strategies that align with consumer preferences while remaining effective. The proliferation of digital media has empowered consumers to control their exposure to advertisements more than ever before. This control has led to a rise in ad avoidance, where consumers actively seek to minimize or eliminate their interactions with traditional advertising methods. This study addresses the challenge of identifying effective marketing strategies that can engage these ad-avoidant consumers without compromising ethical standards or violating their privacy. The central research problem is to explore and identify effective marketing strategies that resonate with consumers who avoid traditional advertising. The research aims to uncover methods that not only reach but also engage this segment of the population in a way that respects their preferences and upholds ethical marketing practices. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative case studies. Quantitative surveys provide insights into the behaviors and motivations of ad-avoidant consumers, while qualitative case studies analyze successful marketing campaigns that have effectively engaged this audience. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review on digital marketing trends and consumer behavior is conducted to inform the research. Results: 1. Value-Driven Content: Content marketing strategies that offer genuine value, such as educational or entertaining content, are more effective in engaging ad-avoidant consumers compared to traditional advertising methods.2. Personalization: Personalized, data-driven marketing approaches that tailor messages to individual consumer preferences lead to higher engagement rates among ad-avoidant individuals.3. Transparency and Trust: Consumers who avoid traditional ads are more likely to engage with brands that prioritize transparency and clearly communicate how their data is used, reinforcing trust and loyalty. Recommendations: 1. Focus on Content Marketing: Businesses should invest in creating high-quality, value-driven content that resonates with consumers, as this approach is more likely to engage ad-avoidant individuals.2. Enhance Personalization: Marketers should leverage data to create personalized experiences, ensuring that marketing messages are relevant and respectful of consumer preferences, which increases the likelihood of engagement.
Abstract
The Iraqi economy relies entirely on oil revenues to meet its needs and plans, highlighting the precariousness of the situation should global oil prices decline for political and economic reasons. Given that oil is a finite resource, it is imperative to pursue economic diversification and leverage all economic sectors as the cornerstone and driving force for building a robust economy and achieving comprehensive development. This necessitates good governance in implementing economic reform programs and exploring strategic alternatives to achieve economic growth. The Iraqi economy possesses alternatives and opportunities for economic diversification and various sources of income. However, it has not fully utilized its diverse natural and agricultural resources, which are crucial for supporting economic growth. Development is not merely about frameworks, institutions, and aspirations; it requires political, economic, social, and cultural prerequisites that must be organized and updated in a gradual and practical manner. It also necessitates addressing internal and external challenges that interact with evolving societal changes. This requires awareness and determination to achieve the desired goals through investment spending, increased productivity, and ultimately, a higher gross national product.
Abstract
This study explores the concept of frugal innovation and its impact on achieving pioneer Advantage in the context of the express delivery sector. Focusing on the express delivery company, Totters, the study examines how frugal innovations in terms of cost and resource efficiency can provide a competitive advantage in a highly dynamic market. Data were collected through a survey of (85) employees of the company under study and analyzed using the advanced statistical program SmartPLS V.4 to assess the role of streamlined operations, affordable solutions, and customer-centric strategies. The results reveal that frugal innovation significantly enhances a company’s ability to lead the market by delivering high value with limited resources. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical interaction between innovation and strategic positioning in supporting long-term competitiveness. This research provides practical insights for companies aiming to leverage frugal innovation as a path to achieving pioneer Advantage, especially in resource-constrained environments.
Abstract
Universities worldwide have recognized the challenges of digital transformation in the face of rapid technological advancements, which have become an integral part of the educational system for all academic programs. This integration brings numerous advantages to all stakeholders in the educational process. Traditional methods, techniques, and tools have become outdated, prompting universities to enter into agreements with specialized global companies in technology, software, and tools. These agreements aim to equip their infrastructure for the educational process across various academic programs and disciplines, building knowledge and skills for students and preparing them for the job market in the era of digital transformation affecting all sectors.
Digital transformation is no longer an option but a necessity for institutions striving to enhance their efficiency and ensure their sustainability. The rapid growth of digital technology, advancements in smart devices and systems, increased data processing capabilities, and artificial intelligence have led to revolutionary changes. Dealing with the digital society requires investment in human resources and competencies possessing digital skills, capabilities, passion, ambition, and dialogue. This entails adopting a comprehensive approach to teaching methods, focusing on future requirements.
As mentioned earlier, digital transformation has become an urgent necessity that educational institutions seek to establish and dedicate. Educational technologies and digital platforms are not just concepts; they are now essential practices for the educational and learning processes. Universities need to leverage digital technologies to improve educational processes and practices, enhance learner and teacher experiences, and support the creation of effective and enduring educational models. Digital transformation helps universities operate more efficiently, remain competitive in global rankings and accreditations, and succeed in preparing learners for digital work environments.
In this context, digitization is a necessity in higher education institutions, attracting top students and improving the experience of courses, educational materials, and training processes in general. It enables monitoring and tracking to identify obstacles and challenges in training and reduce the risk of dropout. However, hesitation in understanding and seizing opportunities to move towards this digital environment still exists. It is essential for digital transformation to align with communication principles, ensuring its commitment to meet the expectations of various groups interested in economic, social, and environmental dimensions.