Search Results for labor-force
Abstract
Developing countries in general and Arab countries in particular suffer from high population growth, and that these population increases exert a great influence and pressure on the available economic and financial resources, This leads to imbalances in the structure of society, which may be accompanied by a kind of inequality and demolition in the value system of those societies, if it is not accompanied by an increase in investment and employment and the creation of new incomes that are redistributed in a way that reduces social differences, increases the domestic product and then economic growth . The study aims to measure the effect of the relationship between population growth and economic growth by using the (ARDL) model. The study concluded that the effect of population growth is positive on economic growth during the study period. The study recommends giving attention to the labor force and employing it in the production process in a way that reduces societal disparities and enhances economic growth.
Abstract
The disparity in employee salaries across different ministries and departments raises questions, discomfort, and feelings of injustice, especially among employees with lower salaries in some ministries compared to their higher-paid counterparts in other ministries. These reasons stem from social factors, followed by economic factors. The prices of goods and services are determined by the size of the employee group with higher salaries, especially if a large group raises the prices of goods and services through their greater purchasing power. Consequently, it becomes difficult for employees with lower salaries to live comfortably, creating economic and social disparities among employee groups. This, in turn, impacts economic and social development. All these reasons prompted me to give great importance to writing this vital and important research, as I focused on analyzing several important indicators, most notably the cost of living index, which measures the minimum cost of living in Iraq, which helps us in formulating a minimum wage policy, and the private sector wage value levels index, which shows the minimum and maximum limits of private sector employee wages according to a labor market survey in the private sector in Iraq, where I concluded that one of the most important factors for labor market stability is the convergence of wages between employees in the private and public sectors, which ends the prevailing reality of the preference of wages for employees in the public sector over their counterparts in the private sector, and we reach a stage of equal demand as much as possible for job opportunities in the two sectors. The index of the total ratio of public sector employees’ salaries to revenues, which shows the high and dangerous percentage that salaries constitute of the country’s total revenues, which must be reduced and controlled, and the index of the ratio of the number of beneficiaries of public sector salaries to the population and labor force, which also constitutes a high percentage, most notably the increase in the number of new appointments that have plunged the country into a state of disguised unemployment and the inclusion of new categories in social welfare salaries, which has burdened the government and forced it to withdraw from the investment budget. In addition to the operating budget for these salaries, the average employee share of the total public sector payroll index (AEI) represents the average salary that should be taken into account when constructing the public sector salary scale. Analyzing these indicators leads us to an important point of convergence that enables us to formulate a clear policy for building a fair and balanced salary system and scale.
Abstract
It is impossible to overstate how important employees are to a small business' survival and how well they are managed. This is especially true because, smaller businesses depend more on the individual contributions of the employees to the overall success of the business. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are significantly more prevalent than large corporations worldwide and employ a greater proportion of the labor force. In many economic sectors, SMEs are credited with fostering competition and innovation. While SMEs in Nigeria produce more jobs than large companies do, they also face difficulties that call for the assistance of experts from a variety of fields, including human resources managers. Therefore, this study uses a basic literature review and desk research approach to investigate the potential role of human resource management in SMEs in Nigeria. The main issues with SMEs' prior to the COVID-19 pandemic are identified as being insufficient skills and training, as well as depression and high labor turnover during the pandemic in Nigeria. In order to increase their effectiveness and efficiency in Nigeria, efforts are made to encourage SMEs to implement human resource management philosophies. As a result of the fact that no organization, no matter how big or small, can function without people, the study comes to the conclusion that human resource management is crucial. The study therefore recommends, among other things, that in order for Nigeria to experience sustainable post-COVID-19 business growth, SMEs must immediately implement human resource management strategies.