Search Results for inflation-rate
Abstract
Public spending is one of the most important tools used by governments to achieve their economic and social goals, studying the relationship between public spending and inflation in Iraq is one of the important and vital topics, especially in light of the challenges facing the Iraqi economy such as oil price fluctuations and thus fluctuations in financial revenues, and the correct public spending management through which inflation rates can be monitored and controlled.
The research aimed to measure and analyze the impact of public spending on inflation in Iraq through the use of modern standard methods where the threshold model was used (Threshold Regression), as the research found that there are four thresholds during the research period, in the first threshold the relationship was positive between public spending and the inflation rate when the inflation rate is less than (3.699%), and that the increase in public spending by one unit It will lead to an increase in the inflation rate by (0.040%) before reaching this threshold, but in the value of the second threshold of inflation and after exceeding the rate of (3.699%), it is less than (4.399%) and that increasing public spending by one unit will also lead to an increase in the inflation rate by (0.216%) before reaching this threshold, while the third threshold for the inflation rate after exceeding the rate of (4.399%), which is less than (6.399%) and that Increasing public spending by one unit will lead to an increase in the inflation rate by (40.26%) before reaching this threshold, while the fourth and last threshold for an inflation rate is greater than or equal to (6.399%), and that increasing public spending by one unit will lead to an increase in the inflation rate by (0.419%) before reaching this threshold. The research concluded with a number of proposals, the most prominent of which is the need for decision-makers to follow up the levels of public spending carefully at low spending levels. There may not be a significant impact on inflation in the future, and monitoring spending at high levels, there may be a significant impact that requires arbitrary policies to prevent hyperinflation.
Abstract
The research aims to test the effect of the foreign direct investment rate, inflation rate, government spending rate, population growth, GDP growth, the degree of trade openness, and the corruption risk index on the youth unemployment rate in African countries. Although youth unemployment rates in African countries are not among the highest rates in the world, it remains a problem that requires serious consideration in addressing it as it is considered a major factor in political instability. The research adopted the method of multiple linear regression and panel data for the period 1990-2019 for sixteen African countries for which the required data for the research were available: Zimbabwe, Uganda, Rwanda, Niger, Senegal, Mozambique, Nigeria, Central Africa, Tanzania, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Kenya Angola, Cameroon. It was concluded that foreign direct investment ratio was negatively affects the youth unemployment rate. While the effect of government spending, population growth and corruption risk index (decreased risk of corruption) was positive. No significant effect of economic growth, inflation rate, and trade openness has been demonstrated on the youth unemployment rate in African countries.
Abstract
The issue of monetary policies and their role in achieving economic stability and economic growth aims at price stability as a primary goal, and with the diversity and development of monetary policy tools, it has become an important part of the comprehensive economic policy in countries in general. As a result of the serious negative effects of inflation and its reflection on the economy, economic policy makers worked on using monetary policy tools to address inflation by influencing the supply of money and demand for it in line with a set of economic goals and the prevailing economic conditions in the country concerned. Central banks have adopted the monetary policy tool and their implementation, as the Central Bank of Iraq worked to adopt a set of technical and legislative measures through its monetary tools to achieve stability in the general level of prices. The researcher aims to identify a more effective tool than the monetary policy tools in dealing with inflation in Iraq for the period 1991-2019. The results of the test showed that open market operations had an impact in the current year and the previous year on inflation. The researcher used the tools of modern standard and mathematical tests that would determine Factors affecting inflation, as the study used the NARDL model to separate the negative and positive differences for each variable, and then tested them on the dependent variable, and this is a somewhat modern method in standard tests.
Abstract
This research aims to highlight the role of macro-economic variables in achieving economic growth in Iraq, relying on the Eviews10 program. The results of the research showed an inverse relationship between the net foreign operations in the inflation rate, the broad money supply, the long term, with the gross domestic product, and a direct relationship between each of the net foreign operations. In the short term, the broad money supply with the gross domestic product, and a direct relationship between the broad money supply, the exchange rate, the budget deficit in the two terms, with the gross domestic product.
Abstract
The research evaluated the performance of the Iraqi economy for the period 1991-2021, and the extent of the success of the fiscal and monetary policies in achieving the desired goals, by analyzing the developments that occurred in the main macroeconomic variables included in the Kaldor square (economic growth rate, foreign trade balance, inflation rate, Unemployment rate), and an attempt to determine the causes of these developments and the circumstances surrounding them, and then compare them with the optimal goals specified in the Kaldor square to show the extent to which they have been achieved. The research was based on the hypothesis that the macroeconomic performance in Iraq during the aforementioned period is far from the possibility of achieving the combined goals of the Kaldor square, and even if they were partially achieved, they would not be economically meaningful. To complete the research steps, the descriptive analytical method was adopted to study and analyze the developments that occurred in the variables under study. Among the challenges that the researcher faced during the study was the scarcity or inaccuracy of data related to the case study. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent of which was proving the validity of the research hypothesis. The most prominent recommendations were the necessity of diversifying the economy and reducing dependence on oil, as well as reconsidering the central bank’s policy to achieve price stability by taking the competitiveness of local products into account.
Abstract
The Iraqi economy has known the phenomenon of foreign currency substitution since the eighties, with the increasing deterioration of the value of the Iraqi dinar and the appearance of signs of rapid inflation. Its actual expansion began with the phase of imposing the economic blockade in the nineties. Despite the decline in inflation rates following the phase of the economic blockade, the political, economic, and security turmoil After 2004, it was negatively affected by high inflation rates, especially during the period (2004-2007), which was reflected in the use of the US dollar as a tool to measure future payments, then a store of value, and then a medium of exchange in transactions that take place locally. Our study attempts to identify the phenomenon of foreign currency substitution in all its meanings and its relationship to inflation. Verifying the phenomenon of foreign currency substitution and determining its reality in the Iraqi economy during the period (2004-2022) In order to achieve the goal, the study adopted the inductive approach in analyzing the phenomenon under study, used the descriptive analysis method, and chose the correlation model to analyze the data and reach the results. After following the International Monetary Fund index in measuring foreign currency substitution represented by dividing deposits in foreign currency by the broad money supply, the study concluded There is a direct relationship between the inflation rate and the rate of foreign currency replacement in the Iraqi economy, with a strong direct correlation rate of (0.70) Therefore, the phenomenon of foreign currency substitution must be taken into consideration and the necessary measures taken to reduce it, especially through policies to stabilize inflation rates at low levels and search for another way to price crude oil instead of the US dollar, and let it be a basket of foreign currencies in order to reduce the linkage of the Iraqi economy to the dollar
Abstract
The United Arab Emirates has established a distinguished economic and social model characterized by its ability to keep pace with rapid technological and digital transformations, as well as its continuous expansion in investment and development activities. Despite this progress, the UAE remains vulnerable to fluctuations resulting from global economic crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a substantial impact on financial markets, liquidity levels, and capital mobility.
This study examines the structural characteristics of the UAE economy and its development policies through key macroeconomic indicators, namely gross domestic product (GDP), the inflation rate, and the public debt ratio. It then analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the UAE banking system by focusing on Emirates NBD Bank and First Abu Dhabi Bank, based on selected financial indicators, including net profit, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE).
Among the most important conclusions reached by the study is that the COVID-19 crisis revealed the resilience and efficiency of the UAE banking sector in dealing with the pandemic and achieving an early recovery. This resilience contributed to financial stability and superior profitability for both banks. However, the pace and nature of recovery differed between the two institutions. Emirates NBD Bank achieved the highest levels of profitability and return on assets, while First Abu Dhabi Bank maintained steady growth, reflecting the adoption of a long-term risk management strategy. This diversity in banks’ policies contributes to the creation of a balanced banking system capable of effectively coping with crisis.
As for the key recommendations, the study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of the banking sector in raising public awareness, as well as monitoring the damages suffered by customers in the aftermath of crises, giving due consideration to their interests, and ensuring the protection of their rights through a comprehensive set of regulatory and supportive measures.
Abstract
The decade of the nineties witnessed a great crowding from many developed and developing countries towards adopting the policy of inflation targeting as a modern framework for monetary policy through which the explicit announcement of the target inflation rate and directing all monetary policy tools in order to achieve this rate, the discussion later moved towards the impact of This policy in the rate of growth has topped the headlines of many researches. It is claimed that the failure of this policy to promote growth may bring catastrophic results to any country, especially the developing ones. The aim of the research is to know the extent to which the inflation targeting policy can actually achieve high rates of economic growth in eastern countries Asia taken as a model from Indonesia, based on the premise that: The adoption of inflation targeting reflected positively in growth and enhanced its stability. Targeting inflation and economic growth in Indonesia, while the second side celebrated the use of quantitative analysis tools, starting with the data stability test to enhance research and reach its goal, and then progress See the search form. The data for the research were collected based on the publications of the World Bank, and the research covered the period (1990-2019). The research reached a number of results, the most important of which were: - The inflation targeting framework contributes to supporting the levels of macroeconomic performance through its role in reducing fluctuations in economic growth after the trend of a number of central banks in East Asia to implement that strategy