Search Results for gross-domestic-product

Abstract

This research aims to highlight the role of macro-economic variables in achieving economic growth in Iraq, relying on the Eviews10 program.  The results of the research showed an inverse relationship between the net foreign operations in the inflation rate, the broad money supply, the long term, with the gross domestic product, and a direct relationship between each of the net foreign operations.  In the short term, the broad money supply with the gross domestic product, and a direct relationship between the broad money supply, the exchange rate, the budget deficit in the two terms, with the gross domestic product.

Abstract

The research aims to identify the changes in the values of GDP in Jordan, which are accompanied by changes of production factors represented by physical capital and human capital after its development through spending on education, and to show what these indicators generate from important and clear effects on improving the productivity of capital elements. Which in turn contributes to economic growth, and that the weak productivity of the factors of production, labor and capital, weakens the role of the productive apparatus in increasing the growth rates of GDP. These variables have been analyzed based on the descriptive approach. The research found that there are large and fluctuating changes in the gross domestic product in Jordan, which were accompanied by changes in the values of physical capital and human capital after spending was made on educating human cadres in Jordan and making them more effective and more contributing to increasing production rates and thus raising the growth rates of GDP. Overall, the development of physical capital by taking advantage of the increases in national income and raising the percentage of spending on education from the national income for the purpose of developing human capital in order to increase the productivity of the production elements and increase the rates of economic growth in Jordan

Abstract

The aim of the research is to identify the external determinants of the performance of the banking sector, represented by growth rate in gross domestic product (GGDP) and inflation (I), and the internal determinants represented by size (S), operational efficiency (OE) and financial intermediation (FM) for the period (1996 to 2017), in some of the Arabic countries represented by (Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the Emirates). To reach this goal, cross-sectional time-series models (Pooled regression model, fixed effects model, random effects model) were used. These models were compared using the restricted F test and Hausman's test, and it was found that the random effects model is the appropriate model to represent the relationship between the research variables.The results of the research revealed that there was no effect of the external determinants (growth in GDP and inflation) and financial intermediation as one of the internal determinants on the performance of banking sectors, expressed in return on capital (ROE), because the relationship between these variables was not significant, in addition to the existence of a negative impact of a significant indication of the volume on the performance of the banking sectors and a positive impact with a significant effect of the operational efficiency on the performance of that sector. The research recommended the necessity for the supervisory and supervisory authorities to pay special attention to size and operational efficiency for their clear impact on the performance of the banking sectors, the research sample.

Abstract

The research aimed to shed light on the most important reasons that led to the spread of expatriate workers in Iraq and their role in economic, development. The problem of the research was to know the most important reasons for the movement of expatriate workers and how this labor affects economic activity. The research hypothesis was that expatriate workers have impacts, whether Positive or negative on many macroeconomic variables such as employment, unemployment, and gross domestic product. The research was determined spatially in Iraq and for the period between 2013-2022. The research relied on the inductive approach based on the descriptive method. The most important conclusions reached by the research were the acquisition of expatriate workers on Most of the job opportunities are available in Iraq, especially after the openness that Iraq witnessed after 2003 AD, and employers have sought help from them significantly due to their low wages and the ability to work long hours compared to Iraqi workers. The most important recommendations were the necessity of developing laws that control the income of these workers, and imposing an income tax because a large portion of the income of these workers is transferred to their homes, which negatively affects the Iraqi economy.

Abstract

The research aims to identify the size of government spending on research and development and its impact on the human development index in Singapore, and to analyze and measure the most important indicators of government spending on research and development and the index number for the human development index, and by using some statistical and standard tools, the research has proven that there is a positive effect between spending on research and development. As a percentage of the gross domestic product in Singapore and the human development index in the short term, while in the long term the research proved that there is no relationship between the study variables, while there is a long-term equilibrium relationship at the levels of significance (1%, 5%, 10%), and the results of the tests showed Diagnostic The absence of the self-correlation problem according to the ARCH test, and the study recommended drawing lessons from the Singaporean experience in the field of research and development, creativity, innovation and great progress in the field of education.

Abstract

This study examined the impact of a rentier economy on the independence of monetary policy in Iraq after 2004, considering Iraq as a rentier state that relies heavily on oil revenues. The study included an analysis of the relationship between the rentier economy and monetary policy, as well as the effects of the rentier economy on the independence of monetary policy. It found that dependence on oil to finance public expenditures leads to a reduction in monetary policy independence.

The results showed that the rentier economy has a significant impact on the independence of monetary policy in Iraq, and that there is a pressing need to diversify the economy and reduce reliance on oil in order to mitigate the risks arising from fluctuations in oil prices, which affect state revenues. Consequently, when the government faces a deficit, it compels the central bank to adopt an expansionary monetary policy to finance this deficit, which in turn undermines monetary policy independence.

The study reached a number of conclusions and recommendations that the researcher believes are aimed at strengthening the independence of monetary policy in rentier states.

Abstract

The research aims to test the effect of the foreign direct investment rate, inflation rate, government spending rate, population growth, GDP growth, the degree of trade openness, and the corruption risk index on the youth unemployment rate in African countries. Although youth unemployment rates in African countries are not among the highest rates in the world, it remains a problem that requires serious consideration in addressing it as it is considered a major factor in political instability. The research adopted the method of multiple linear regression and panel data for the period 1990-2019 for sixteen African countries for which the required data for the research were available: Zimbabwe, Uganda, Rwanda, Niger, Senegal, Mozambique, Nigeria, Central Africa, Tanzania, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Kenya Angola, Cameroon. It was concluded that foreign direct investment ratio was negatively affects the youth unemployment rate. While the effect of government spending, population growth and corruption risk index (decreased risk of corruption) was positive. No significant effect of economic growth, inflation rate, and trade openness has been demonstrated on the youth unemployment rate in African countries.

Abstract

The United Arab Emirates has established a distinguished economic and social model characterized by its ability to keep pace with rapid technological and digital transformations, as well as its continuous expansion in investment and development activities. Despite this progress, the UAE remains vulnerable to fluctuations resulting from global economic crises, including the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a substantial impact on financial markets, liquidity levels, and capital mobility.

  This study examines the structural characteristics of the UAE economy and its development policies through key macroeconomic indicators, namely gross domestic product (GDP), the inflation rate, and the public debt ratio. It then analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the UAE banking system by focusing on Emirates NBD Bank and First Abu Dhabi Bank, based on selected financial indicators, including net profit, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE).                                                                                          

              Among the most important conclusions reached by the study is that the COVID-19 crisis revealed the resilience and efficiency of the UAE banking sector in dealing with the pandemic and achieving an early recovery. This resilience contributed to financial stability and superior profitability for both banks. However, the pace and nature of recovery differed between the two institutions. Emirates NBD Bank achieved the highest levels of profitability and return on assets, while First Abu Dhabi Bank maintained steady growth, reflecting the adoption of a long-term risk management strategy. This diversity in banks’ policies contributes to the creation of a balanced banking system capable of effectively coping with crisis.                                                                          

           As for the key recommendations, the study emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of the banking sector in raising public awareness, as well as monitoring the damages suffered by customers in the aftermath of crises, giving due consideration to their interests, and ensuring the protection of their rights through a comprehensive set of regulatory and supportive measures.     

Abstract

Today, The World is living in a state of economic stagnation caused by the emerging (COVID-19), and the impact of the health crisis, as a result of preventive measures, has extended to the total closure and almost complete suspension of economic activities. This research aims to demonstrate the impact of the Corona pandemic (COVID-19) on supply chains, and the extent of the supply chain stumbling and its impact on the gross domestic product, as the research reached results, the most important of which is the presence of a clear stumble in supply chains, for the first and second quarters of the year (2020), which led To the decline in GDP and the volume of demand, and that agile supply chains can recover quickly from sudden setbacks, and as a result, the research recommends the need to modify supply chains to make them more flexible, and pay attention to the strategic level of risk management, as it is preferred for companies to reconsider the system and size of emergency stocks, to face A series of economic challenges resulting from abnormal conditions such as epidemics, or emerging infectious diseases such as the virus (COVID-19) and diversification of supply chains and storage systems practices.

Abstract

Private investment is the cornerstone of building the economies of developed and developing countries by supporting productive activities and increasing economic growth and development. This research aims to identify the positive impact of the private sector on improving the Iraqi economy and increasing the gross domestic product (GDP), which is reflected in reduced unemployment and poverty, especially during years of financial and economic crises. Despite the problems facing the private sector and its low investment, it remains the primary driver of economic growth. Given the importance of the topic, the research aims to identify the impact of private investment on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004-2022) using advanced standard methods and approaches, including unit root tests, cointegration, the error correction model (ECM), and the immediate response function. The study found a relationship between private investment and economic growth in the short term, and an inverse relationship in the long term.

Abstract

The paper examines the impact of the devaluation of Iraqi dinar in stimulating the gross domestic product, after the devaluation of Iraqi dinar at the end of 2020. In this context, empirical studies and international experiences have been used. Taking into consideration the rentier economy in Iraq and the dependence of the local market on imported goods in order to meet the aggregate demand.
The paper relies on official data and methods of economic analysis. The research problem represented by the weak effectiveness of the previous exchange rate policy in stimulating output and diversifying the Iraqi economy, as well as sacrificing foreign reserves and directing them towards the non-productive commercial sector.
The research concluded that stimulating the GDP through devaluation of Iraqi currency requires the availability of supportive and prudent fiscal and trade policies in the medium and long term. The paper recommends addressing the short-term inflationary effects created by a policy of devaluation of the exchange rate

Abstract

China has realized the great importance and the great role of innovation in achieving distinguished industrial performance, so it began to support and encourage it in order to achieve this, and this is what this research tries to measure and prove through a standard study based on annual data for the period (1985-2020), and depending on the statistical program (Eviews 10).
The research recommended some proposals, the most important of which are: China advancing the most important indicators of innovation by increasing spending on research and development and achieving the quality of domestic education for China and not on education abroad. Conformity and integration must be achieved between the most important indicators of innovation, especially with regard to human development (quality education) and patents.
The model variables were (industrial performance log y) is the dependent variable. And (log x1 patents), (log x2 research and development spending), (log x3 education quality) and (log x4 technology progress), are the independent variables.
The results indicated that the complete logarithmic model is the best among other models, and to achieve this goal the research relied on the assumption that innovation achieves distinguished industrial performance in both industrialized and emerging countries, including China. The support and encouragement of innovation indicators had a moral effect in achieving industrial performance in China and achieving economic and social well-being, but this depends on the country's economic situation, strategies and laws adopted and the amount of gross domestic product allocated to support those indicators.
Through the results of joint integration, the research concluded that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship and a short-term response between the research variables, and that there is a significant effect of some indicators and an insignificant effect of other indicators, in addition to the absence of the problem of self-correlation and the problem of heterogeneity of disparity.
The research recommended some proposals, the most important of which is the need for China to raise the most important indicators of innovation by increasing spending on research and development and achieving the quality of local education for China rather than relying on education abroad. It is imperative to achieve harmony and integration between the most important indicators of innovation, especially with regard to human development (quality Education and patents) and among technological advances
The research also recommended that Iraq should study this pioneering experience and make use of it as much as possible for the purpose of modernizing the Iraqi economy,
The research also recommended conducting a future study of the industrialization experience in South Korea because it is a pioneering experiment that deserves to be studied and that it moved South Korea from a developing country to an advanced industrial country that competes with the advanced industrial countries.

Abstract

Homes bias stock is considered a confusing phenomenon in the financial literature, due to its increase over time, as well as the absence of any justification for this increase. This study aims to analyze the determinants of local bias, especially during the study period, which went through many economic, financial and health crises. The intellectual argument from the study lies in the basic question whether the country's bias towards stocks is affected during the Karuna pandemic, as well as an attempt to know the determinants that affect the country's bias during the study period. A portfolio analysis of economies was conducted for the period (2005 to 2020).

In light of the data obtained for the study sample, represented by portfolios of foreign and local stocks and the market values of those portfolios, as well as several other determinants. The study sample consisted of (64) foreign portfolios. The duration of the study included (16) years for the sample studied as a whole, and it started in the year (2005) until the year (2020). Using many financial and statistical methods, the study reached many conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: According to the theory of portfolio selection and the country’s bias in light of uncertainty corona pandemic, In addition, the study proved that there are several factors, not a single factor, to explain the determinants of the country’s bias, among which are institutional and economic factors that bear the responsibility of reducing foreign investment returns, which are led by the cost-benefit input such as reserves, trade flows, gross domestic product, the number of listed companies and market capitalization. The other explanation is related to behavioral factors that focus on investor behavior, such as familiarity, conservatism, and overconfidence. This proof confirms the acceptance of the main hypothesis. The study concluded in the most important recommendation: the need for investors to be interested in diversifying their investments in order to reduce the country's bias towards local stocks. And to take advantage of external opportunities to achieve the best exchange between efficient returns and risks.