Search Results for government-spending
Abstract
The research includes both theoretical and practical aspects. The study aims to analyze and measure the relationship between public spending (the approved variable) and the explanatory variables in Malaysia during the time period (1990-2020) by using the Autoregressive Distributed Time Gaps (ARDL) methodology using Time Series Data during the study period. In order to achieve this goal, the theoretical aspect of public spending and its components and limits of public spending was shortened, with the presentation of the economic effects of government spending. In addition to clarifying the relationship between economic variables and public spending in Malaysia, then presenting and analyzing the results of quantitative measurement. The research reached many results, the most prominent of which was the existence of a positive significant relationship between government spending and the variables of total fixed capital formation, public debt and population. And a significant inverse relationship between the dependent variable government spending and GDP growth. As a result of these results that emerged from the standard analysis of the model, it is worthwhile for the study country to adopt ways and methods to reduce government spending rates within the limits of public revenues available to each country. The research aims to analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables on government spending, as well as to evaluate the behavior of government spending in Malaysia.
Abstract
The research aims to identify the size of government spending on research and development and its impact on the human development index in Singapore, and to analyze and measure the most important indicators of government spending on research and development and the index number for the human development index, and by using some statistical and standard tools, the research has proven that there is a positive effect between spending on research and development. As a percentage of the gross domestic product in Singapore and the human development index in the short term, while in the long term the research proved that there is no relationship between the study variables, while there is a long-term equilibrium relationship at the levels of significance (1%, 5%, 10%), and the results of the tests showed Diagnostic The absence of the self-correlation problem according to the ARCH test, and the study recommended drawing lessons from the Singaporean experience in the field of research and development, creativity, innovation and great progress in the field of education.
Abstract
The research aims to test the effect of the foreign direct investment rate, inflation rate, government spending rate, population growth, GDP growth, the degree of trade openness, and the corruption risk index on the youth unemployment rate in African countries. Although youth unemployment rates in African countries are not among the highest rates in the world, it remains a problem that requires serious consideration in addressing it as it is considered a major factor in political instability. The research adopted the method of multiple linear regression and panel data for the period 1990-2019 for sixteen African countries for which the required data for the research were available: Zimbabwe, Uganda, Rwanda, Niger, Senegal, Mozambique, Nigeria, Central Africa, Tanzania, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Kenya Angola, Cameroon. It was concluded that foreign direct investment ratio was negatively affects the youth unemployment rate. While the effect of government spending, population growth and corruption risk index (decreased risk of corruption) was positive. No significant effect of economic growth, inflation rate, and trade openness has been demonstrated on the youth unemployment rate in African countries.
Abstract
The problem of the study stems from the fact that the relationship, whether effect or causation, is not fixed between fiscal policy and economic performance variables, including economic growth and unemployment, as it differs from one country to another, and from time to another time depending on the nature of the economies under study, The study aims to verify empirically about the impact of fiscal policy tools on economic growth and unemployment with determining the direction of the causal relationship of these variables in Jordan for the period (1990-2021). The study used models (Cointegration) for the long-term relationship and vector error correction models (VECM) for the short-term relationship and (Granger) test for the causal relationship. the study concluded that the effect of government consumption spending is negative on economic growth and unemployment, and there is no effect of government investment spending on either economic growth or unemployment, with a causal relationship from government spending, especially consumption, to both economic growth and unemployment, as it found That taxes have a positive effect on economic growth and do not affect unemployment with a causal relationship from taxes to economic growth and unemployment, while the causal relationship was from taxes on income to economic growth and from customs taxes and foreign trade to unemployment, while the causal trend was from economic growth to taxes customs duties and to taxes on foreign trade, these results support the neoclassical point of view in terms of the relationship of influence and support Keynesian law at the expense of Wagner's law regarding causation. As for public debt, its impact was negative on economic growth and positive on unemployment, and the direction of the causal relationship was from debt to economic growth only.
Abstract
This article examines the various effects of drug use and illicit drug trafficking on the economy. The study focuses on the losses that nations incur as a result of drug abuse, whether through decreased productivity, increased healthcare costs, or the rise in crime rates associated with drug use.
The research explores the impact of drugs on the workforce, highlighting how addiction affects work capacity and productivity, leading to higher unemployment rates. It also details the burdens drugs place on healthcare systems due to addiction treatment and drug-related diseases, driving up healthcare costs.
Furthermore, the study discusses the role of drugs in fueling organized crime and increasing government spending on security and justice, as well as the impact of the drug black market on the formal economy by reducing tax revenues.
The research concludes with recommendations on how to address these impacts through comprehensive policies aimed at prevention, treatment, and strengthening security efforts to combat drug trafficking.