Search Results for digital-currencies
Abstract
Central bank digital currencies are the reaction of central banks to illegal digital currencies of all kinds, whether central bank digital currencies are a new tool for monetary policy or just a new factor in global and local markets. It presents banks with unpredictable opportunities and challenges. The research discusses the basic tasks and functions of the central bank in managing the monetary mass. And the global and regional experiences of digital currencies. And dealt with possible scenarios for the issuance of legal digital currencies. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which was that there are three scenarios for the issuance of digital currencies. From the central banks and the wholesale scenario of cross-border payments is the most convincing as it helps to get rid of the inefficiency of payment systems.
Abstract
The noticeable increase in the volume of financial transactions made in encrypted digital currencies at the international level, and the risks that such transactions pose to international financial and economic relations, made the study of the impact of these (Cryptocurrencies and Digital) currencies on the effectiveness of the functions of central banks and their ability to manage monetary policies and employ Its. This study came to analyze the relationship between the impact of encrypted currencies and the overall international monetary relations by first identifying each of the encrypted and legal digital currencies and then identifying monetary policy tools through the tools of central banks, and then reviewing the volume of transactions in Encrypted digital currencies at the international level to analyze the impact of the increasing volume of these transactions on the effectiveness of monetary policies. The study concluded to prove the hypothesis that cryptocurrencies have a significant negative impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy by reducing the effectiveness of various monetary policy tools, but such an impact can be codified and managed by setting controls for monetary transactions at the local and international levels, and central banks sutible policies.
Abstract
The research aims to shed light on the importance and role of the external auditor's report in rationalizing the decisions taken by decision makers and to identify the most important basic contents of the external auditor's report as a concept, objectives and standards and the extent of their impact on credit decision-making in Iraqi banks. To achieve the goal of this research, an experimental study was conducted. It was subjected to a sample of credit officers working in (18) banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, and their number reached (53) individuals, through the preparation of (4) hypothetical external audit reports, each of which includes one of the types of opinion expressed by the external auditor to measure the impact of the auditor’s opinion External factors on the elements of the credit decision represented in the size of the loan, the interest rate, the term of the loan and the size of the collateral required. ). The researcher concluded: "There is a statistically significant effect of the external auditor's report on the decision to grant credit."