Search Results for digital-banking

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of banking digitalization in enhancing financial inclusion in Iraq by assessing the impact of digital banking services on empowering groups excluded from the formal financial system. The study adopts a quantitative analytical approach based on panel data from a sample of Iraqi commercial banks over the period 2015–2024. It examines financial inclusion indicators, including the number of newly opened bank accounts, the volume of electronic transactions, and the proportion of loans directed toward individuals and small businesses. These indicators are analyzed against banking digitalization measures, represented by the adoption of mobile and internet banking services and the volume of investments in technological infrastructure. Panel data regression models, namely Fixed Effects and Random Effects, are employed, in addition to the Hausman test to determine the most appropriate model. Instrumental Variables (IV) models are also used to address the potential issue of reverse causality between banking digitalization and the increasing demand for banking services. The results reveal a positive and statistically significant effect of banking digitalization on enhancing financial inclusion, particularly through increasing the use of electronic transactions and facilitating remote account opening. The findings also indicate variations in the magnitude of this effect between state-owned and private banks, with a greater impact observed among private banks, which demonstrate greater flexibility in adopting modern technologies. The study concludes that banking digitalization represents an effective pathway toward expanding financial inclusion in Iraq, provided that digital infrastructure is strengthened and public trust in electronic services is enhanced. The study offers several recommendations for policymakers and banks to improve access to financial services and empower financially underserved and unbanked populations.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies on enhancing the quality of digital banking services, with a particular focus on electronic trust as a mediating variable in this relationship. The research problem stems from the challenge faced by banks in balancing the adoption of intelligent technological solutions with maintaining high levels of customer trust, especially within a rapidly evolving digital environment characterized by increasing cyber risks. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and was conducted on a sample of 200 bank customers in Iraq. The findings reveal a significant positive direct effect of AI technologies on digital service quality. However, this effect becomes stronger and more statistically significant in the presence of high electronic trust, confirming its mediating role. Accordingly, the study recommends that banks pursue an integrated strategy combining advanced intelligent systems with robust cybersecurity measures and technological transparency to foster digital reliability and sustainable customer relationships grounded in trust and perceived value.

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the impact of immersive marketing on customer emotional engagement, as well as the extent to which private banks in Baghdad adopt immersive marketing practices—from the perspective of their customers—considering the mediating role of perceived enjoyment in this relationship. The study is situated within the context of the digital transformations sweeping the banking sector and the growing importance of designing digital banking experiences that foster customer interaction and attachment to the bank. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed, and data were collected via a questionnaire distributed to a sample of private bank customers in Baghdad, yielding (204) valid responses for analysis. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed a significant positive effect of immersive marketing on both perceived enjoyment and customer emotional engagement. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that perceived enjoyment plays a crucial mediating role in the relationship between immersive marketing and emotional engagement. These results suggest that designing interactive and enjoyable digital banking experiences can contribute to fostering customers' emotional engagement with the bank and building more sustainable relationships with them. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to expanding the scope of studies on immersive marketing within the banking sector, as well as in providing practical insights that can assist private banks in developing digital marketing strategies capable of enhancing the customer experience and achieving a competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive banking environment.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the role of internal auditing in enhancing the dimensions of digital governance—namely digital transparency, digital accountability, digital risk management, and digital compliance—in Iraqi commercial banks amid the challenges associated with rapid digital transformation. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers adopted a descriptive-analytical approach by designing and distributing a questionnaire to a sample of employees working in the banking sector. The collected data were analysed using appropriate statistical methods. The findings revealed a statistically significant effect of internal auditing on enhancing all dimensions of digital governance. The results indicated that the role of internal auditing extends beyond its traditional supervisory function to become a strategic driver that contributes to improving the quality of digital information, clarifying responsibilities, enabling the early detection of operational and cybersecurity risks, and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and technological policies. Based on these findings, the study emphasized the necessity of developing the competencies of internal audit personnel in the fields of modern technologies and cybersecurity, as well as activating electronic auditing systems. The study also highlighted the importance of support from top management in establishing a robust digital infrastructure. Furthermore, it recommended updating banking regulations and establishing specialized digital audit units to ensure the integration of oversight mechanisms with digital transformation requirements. Such measures would enhance the stability of the Iraqi banking sector and strengthen the confidence of all stakeholders in the digital banking environment.

Abstract

This research addresses the extent of digital transformation in the Iraqi banking sector, with a focus on a selected sample of Iraqi private banks. The research addresses the extent to which these banks adopt digital technologies to enhance their operations and customer services through quantitative analysis. The results reveal that although there is a growing interest in digital transformation Among Iraqi banks, the digital transformation in Iraqi private banks is still in its early stages compared to global trends. Although there is a growing recognition of the importance of digital technologies by banks, many of them still rely heavily on traditional banking methods, and this is due to This disparity is largely due to different levels of investment in digital infrastructure and different degrees of openness to technological change among bank management, and adoption rates remain uneven across the banking sector. This disparity is largely due to different levels of investment in digital infrastructure and different degrees of openness to technological change among bank management.

Despite these challenges, many banks have begun to implement digital solutions such as online banking, mobile applications and electronic payment systems to meet evolving customer expectations and increase competitiveness. This research highlights the need for strategic investment in digital infrastructure and regulatory reforms to enhance the environment. Conducive to digital innovation, it also emphasizes the importance of educating and raising awareness among customers to increase the adoption of digital banking services, which ultimately contributes to the modernization and growth of the sector.

Abstract

The research aims towards measuring the impact of the development of the banking industry on sustainable development, especially after the development of the banking industry in recent years and the transition to digital banking services that have      achieved great profits for the banking industry     by applying it to the Iraqi banking industry during the period                                                                              

 (2004-2020), using the ARDL model, where the research deals with measuring the impact of the development of the banking industry represented by the independent variables (credit provided to the private sector to GDP,                                                                                                                                  

Total deposits to GDP, and money supply to GDP) on sustainable development, which is achieved through key indicators, which are economic indicators, social indicators, environmental indicators, and institutional indicators, where these approved variables were expressed through indicators (per capita GDP, population ratio in regions urbanization, change in forest area, spending on research and development), and the research concluded the great developmental role of the banking industry to achieve sustainable development as well as the need to develop and provide credit for modern projects that support clean energy and green environment                                                                                             

Abstract

The current study examines the impact of income diversification on the profitability and stability of Jordanian commercial banks. The study sample consisted of (13) commercial banks operating in Jordan for the period 2010-2022. The secondary data included in the financial reports and annual budgets issued by the Jordanian commercial banks are also considered. The study employs the ratio of non-interest income to total operating income and the Hirschman-Herfindahl index to measure income diversification, while the return on assets and return on equity indices were used to measure bank profitability. To measure financial stability, the z-score value was calculated. The Panel Data regression model was employed, and the random effect model was chosen to test the study hypotheses. The results showed that the ratio of non-interest income has a positive and significant impact on the profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. This indicates that increasing reliance on non-interest income sources enhances the performance and profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. The results also showed that the HHI index has a positive and significant effect on the profitability and stability of Jordanian commercial banks, which means that increasing the level of diversification in income sources leads to increased profitability and financial stability in Jordanian commercial banks. The study recommended the necessity of encouraging commercial banks to innovate financially and provide digital banking services and other non-traditional services due to their role in increasing profits and financial stability in Jordanian commercial banks.

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate the extent to which Iraqi banks have adopted digital transformation technologies and their willingness to shift from traditional methods to digital ones in order to achieve sustainable development goals. This is done through a quantitative analysis of a sample of banks using financial indicators. The results show that some banks have begun to pay attention to adopting digital technologies and considering sustainable development principles; however, these efforts are still in their early stages compared to foreign banks, while most banks continue to rely on traditional methods due to limited awareness and insufficient exposure to technological advancements. The study also indicates that there are limited attempts to adopt digital services such as mobile banking applications, account inquiries, and electronic payment systems. It emphasizes the need to invest in technological infrastructure, provide regulatory support, and enhance awareness among bank management and the community about the benefits of digital technologies, including cost reduction, increased efficiency, and improved service quality, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable development.