Search Results for Accounting and Finance

Abstract

The study aims to identify the conceptual framework of sustainable accounting and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in enhancing corporate reporting. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of adopting sustainability accounting on the financial reporting of a sample of five companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from the year (2019) to the year (2022). The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach using the SPSS program. The main findings reveal the absence of a statistically significant relationship regarding the influence of disclosure in financial reports to apply sustainability standards on investors' decisions, as well as the absence of a significant relationship between the impact of sustainability accounting and the quality of financial reports. Integrating AI tools—such as machine learning and automated ESG analytics—can bridge these gaps by improving data accuracy, reducing reporting bias, and enhancing transparency. The study recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which is obligating auditors specialized in the profession of auditing companies not to express an opinion on the validity of financial reports if they are devoid of sustainability accounting reports and supported AI-driven disclosure metrics.

Abstract

The research aimed to identify the role of governance in selecting appropriate accounting policies for companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange in Sudan. This was achieved by exploring the possibility of finding a statistically significant relationship between audit committees and the selection of alternative accounting policies for companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange, the possibility of finding a statistically significant relationship between internal audit information and the selection of accounting policies for economic companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange, and the possibility of finding a statistically significant relationship between external auditor reports and the selection of alternative accounting policies for companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange. The research followed a descriptive-analytical approach, and a sample was distributed to the study population, which consisted of companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange. The sample was selected from individuals in a manner appropriate to their job titles. The researcher distributed (55) questionnaires to the target group, and (50) individuals responded, meaning that the questionnaire was returned at a rate of (90%). The data collected from the questionnaire was then analyzed. After the study and analysis, the research concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between audit committees and the selection of alternative accounting policies for companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange, through the presence of a committee to review accounting policies and principles. The study, conducted in companies with the board of directors, focuses on selecting appropriate accounting policies for financial reporting and discussing with management how to choose accounting estimates. It also examines the statistically significant relationship between internal audit information and the selection of alternative accounting policies for companies listed on the Khartoum Stock Exchange. This is achieved through the contribution of internal audit information to governance, enhancing credibility and fairness for companies, and reducing the risks of administrative and financial corruption. The research recommends that companies and institutions increase their focus on the concept of governance and work to adopt and develop it to contribute to improving the financial and administrative performance of emerging, developing, and established companies.

Abstract

       This study aimed to measure the impact of fair value indicators (net realizable selling value, asset replacement cost, net future cash flows) on investment efficiency as measured by the market value per-share to earnings per share model and the deviation from the expected investment model. The study followed a descriptive analytical approach to interpret the relationship between its variables. The study population consisted of extractive and mining industry companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange for the fiscal years (2019-2023), totaling (7) companies. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, the following statistical methods were used: (descriptive statistics, test for stationarity in time series, Durbin-Watson test, Hausman test, multiple linear regression, simple linear regression), relying on the statistical software (EViews).

       The study concluded that there is a positive impact of fair value indicators (net realizable selling value, net future cash flows) on investment efficiency as measured by the market value per-share to earnings per share model, while they had a negative impact on investment efficiency as measured by the deviation from the expected investment model. Additionally, the study found that the asset replacement cost has a positive impact on investment efficiency as measured by the deviation from the expected investment model, and a negative impact on investment efficiency as measured by the market value per-share to earnings per share model.

       Based on the results of this study, the researchers concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which were: the necessity for extractive and mining industry companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange to expand their disclosure of financial information related to fair value indicators with clarity and transparency to attract investors and gain their trust.

Abstract

The research This research aims to demonstrate the importance of financial statements, the determinants of their effectiveness, and their relationship to administrative decisions. The General Authority for Taxes and the General Authority of Customs, both affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Finance, are obligated to implement tax laws. Furthermore, a Tax Policy Department was established within the Economic Department of the Iraqi Ministry of Finance in 2005. This department is responsible for drafting tax laws and developing tax strategy in Iraq. Consequently, decision-makers, assessors, and auditors within the General Authority for Taxes are required to possess professional qualifications and skills that enable them to examine financial data at a high level, particularly data prepared according to International Accounting Standards. They are also responsible for providing electronic software to facilitate administrative decisions aimed at achieving fairness in the distribution of the tax burden, saving time, and enhancing trust between taxpayers and the tax authority. This has made administrative assessment the foundation of the practical application of tax accounting. The research successfully addresses two key questions: First, do financial statements encourage or discourage administrative decision-making? The second question is whether the Iraqi legislator succeeded in achieving a balance between the interests of the state, society, and taxpayers through the tax system. The methodology used in this research was deductive, employing a descriptive approach to analyze financial reports (2021-2023) and an inductive approach using econometric analysis to refute the initial hypothesis: (There is no relationship between financial statements and administrative decisions). This was demonstrated by the results of the assessment memoranda, which showed that the relationship between financial statements and administrative decisions is interconnected, representing a part-whole relationship, as they constitute a significant financial resource and their proportion in the state's public revenues has increased.

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the effect of using a sustainable balanced scorecard in the relationship between strategic cost management methods and strategic performance of Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies by shedding light on the most important modern administrative and accounting techniques used by advanced industrial companies in managing their costs and following up on the implementation of necessary corrective and preventive measures to enhance areas of strength and address areas of weakness in their strategic performance. The study population consisted of all employees in Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to (205) individuals working in Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. (158) questionnaires were retrieved, of which (146) were valid for analysis. To test the hypotheses, Structural Equation Model (PLS- SEM).

The study found that there is an effect of using a sustainable balanced scorecard in the relationship between total quality management method and strategic performance of Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. However, the results of the study indicated no effect of using a sustainable balanced scorecard in the relationship between other strategic cost management methods (Target costing method, comparative measurement method) and the strategic performance of Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies. Based on the results of this study, the researchers reached several recommendations, The most important was: the necessity of Jordanian public shareholding industrial companies to enhance the implementation of strategic cost management methods, especially the target costing method, due to its positive effect on the use of a sustainable balanced scorecard. Moreover, it is essential to reconsider the application of comparative measurement method and work on its enhancement to be more effective in supporting the use of a sustainable balanced scorecard and improving strategic performance

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the role of digital intelligence and its dimensions in achieving sustainable performance. To achieve this goal, the researchers relied on the theoretical framework, which addressed the two research variables. They also employed a descriptive and analytical approach to present and analyze the data and extract the most important findings. The research population consisted of the Iraqi General Insurance Company, an affiliate of the Ministry of Finance. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument, distributed to (50) employees at the assistant department manager level and above, representing the upper and middle management of the research population. To verify and test the main hypotheses, the researchers relied on several statistical methods, assisted by the SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 25 statistical software. After conducting several descriptive statistical analyses, such as calculating means, standard deviations, and relative importance, the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The research concluded with several results, most notably: Digital intelligence is characterized by its ability to analyze competitors' activities and understand their current and future goals and strategies, in order to provide services High-quality products for customers. The research yielded a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need for the company's management to leverage its available digital intelligence to improve its sustainable performance, with particular emphasis on effectively investing in the various dimensions of this intelligence to achieve the desired goals.

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of auditors’ digital readiness on smart auditing practices within the Iraqi General Customs Authority in light of the ongoing digital transformation requirements in the public sector. A quantitative approach was employed using a cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from 132 employees, of which 121 valid questionnaires were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS v4. The findings reveal a significant positive effect of auditors’ digital readiness on smart auditing (β = 0.742, p < 0.001), with an explanatory power of (R² = 0.551). The results further indicate that digital innovativeness and digital optimism represent the strongest positive predictors of smart auditing practices, whereas technology discomfort and digital insecurity exert significant negative effects. The study concludes that strengthening auditors’ digital and behavioral competencies constitutes a fundamental pillar for the successful implementation of smart auditing. Accordingly, it recommends the adoption of specialized training programs and sustained organizational support to enhance digital readiness within supervisory and regulatory institutions.

Abstract

The research aims to know the impact of the application of IFRS 16 on the accounting measurement of rent and to know the difference between the method followed by the bank in measuring rents and the method followed by the standard in measurement, and also to know the difference between the bank’s classification of rents between operational and financing and the classification of the standard It and the consequences of this classification in terms of treatment by the bank and in the standard, by analyzing the lease contracts of the Trade Bank of Iraq and classifying those contracts into operational and financing and knowing the way in which the bank measures its lease contracts and then classifying the lease contracts according to The standard and the application of the measurement method used in the standard, and is there a difference in measurement or not. One of the most important conclusions reached by the researchers is the effect of applying IFRS 16 on the measurement of lease contracts in the bank. The most important recommendation reached by the researchers is to force Iraqi banks to apply IFRS 16 to lease contracts.

Abstract

This research aims to study the impact of information asymmetry on stock price forecasting within the context of the informational content of announcements from a sample of companies listed on the stock exchange. This is achieved by identifying companies that have distributed dividends for at least three consecutive years. Accordingly, the "event window" was employed, providing a systematic framework for studying stock movements on specific dates. This framework allows the companies in the research sample to understand how financial markets react to new information about the market under study. The focus is on the role of the event window in measuring informational content. This emphasis on the event window stems primarily from recent trends toward announcing earnings during after-market hours. It is also attributed to the lack of systematic research on the length of the event window, which is when the benefit derived from earnings information is at its maximum. The researchers used the Multiple regression test, the T-Test, and the Scenario style to test the research hypothesis, which led to the conclusion that financial returns are only achieved through the informational content of the profit distribution announcement, and that the maximum window for informational content includes only the day of trading of the announcement. This view reflects the event window that maximizes information related to profits by relying on the timing of profit announcements during non-trading hours versus trading hours.

Abstract

This research provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of fiscal policy on achieving inclusive growth in both Algeria and Saudi Arabia during the period 2004-2024. It focuses on key fiscal policy instruments such as public spending, public revenues, and the sectoral distribution of GDP, aiming to identify successful fiscal measures and explore their potential application in developing Iraq's economic experience. The research employs a comparative analysis methodology, examining the financial and economic performance of both countries and comparing it to the Iraqi economic reality based on long-term official data. The analysis emphasizes the relationship between fiscal expansion, diversification of the production base, and improvements in social indicators. The results indicate that Saudi Arabia achieved greater progress in achieving inclusive growth based on diversifying the production base and expanding financial inclusion, while Algeria focused on the social dimension of its fiscal policy, leading to improved income distribution and reduced poverty, but with limited economic diversification. The study concludes by presenting an Iraq within the framework of an integrated financial and developmental reform that takes into account justice, efficiency and sustainability.

Abstract

This research aimed to identify the relationship between digital transformation, with its dimensions of technological infrastructure, legislation, policies, digital skills, and availability of necessary funding, and intellectual capital, with its dimensions of human capital, organizational capital, and relational capital. The study employed a deductive correlational approach. It also aimed to reveal the importance of intellectual capital and its essential components that contribute to developing and enhancing financial performance. The study population consisted of employees of Imam Al-Kadhim College (peace be upon him). The researchers designed a questionnaire comprising 22 items for each of the research variables, with 11 items for each variable. Data was collected from a sample of 30 employees of Imam Al-Kadhim College (peace be upon him). Based on this data, the data was analyzed and the hypothesis tested using statistical tools. The researchers distributed 30 questionnaires to the research sample in the Accounting Department, as it is the main department in the college, encompassing multiple specializations in management and economics. The researchers used several statistical methods to achieve the research objectives, including Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and simple regression analysis, to prove the research hypotheses through data analysis. The researchers reached several conclusions, most notably that while intellectual capital is important for the research sample, its presence in the financial statements and reports of the college under study was limited, as it still uses traditional methods and focuses primarily on material and financial matters.