Search Results for نغم Neama

Abstract

الجامعات العصرية اليوم لم تعد تقتصر على التعليم ، بل امتد دورها للمساهمة في الناتج المحلي الاجمالي ووضع أسس بناء مجتمع المعرفة للمستقبل.

وقد شهد العقد الأخير في التعليم العالي العالمي تحولاً جذرياً في النظم الإدارية الجامعية والثقافة التنظيمية لتواكب العولمة والمكانة الدولية بين المؤسسات التعليمية ، وشاع الانسحاب الجزئي من الاعتماد على الدعم الحكومي الكامل، والخدمة المحلية إلى الاستثمار المعرفي والتسويق الدولي.

هذا المفهوم الجديد الذي بدأ يتشكل علمياً في بداية الألفية الجديدة ، الذي يدعو إلى أن أحد أهم الأدوار الرئيسة للجامعة الريادية ، المساهمة في التنمية الاقتصادية من خلال إطلاق المشاريع الابتكارية المنتجة.

ان الجامعة الريادية Entrepreneurial university هي الجامعة التي يمكنها الابتكار والتعاون واغتنام الفرص والاستجابة بنجاح للصعوبات.

وستتمكن الجامعات الريادية من البقاء في سوق تنافسية للغاية ، إذا كانت لديها خطط واضحة لإثبات التميز في التدريس والبحث العلمي وريادة الأعمال.

كما تسعى الجامعات الريادية إلى أن تصبح جامعات "قائمة بذاتها" تلعب دورًا مهمًا وتقدم وتدعم مختلف تدابير الدعم لأنشطة ريادة الأعمال من خلال التعاون الوثيق مع الشركاء والشبكات مع مؤسسات القطاعين العام والخاص من خلال الاستثمار في رأس مالها الاجتماعي من أجل تسهيل إنشاء واستثمار المعرفة والتكنولوجيا.

وتعرف الجامعة الريادية على انها الجامعة التي تركز على التأثير الاقتصادي للمساهمات المجتمعية، وتنمية ريادة الأعمال في التعليم، وتسويق البحوث.

فيما يعرف التعليم الريادي بأنه: مجموعة من الأنشطة تهدف إلى رعاية العقليات والمهارات الريادية، كما يغطي مجموعة واسعة من جوانب أخرى مثل ( توليد الفكرة، النمو، والابتكار، فينبغي على التعليم الريادي ان يطور قيم ومعتقدات واتجاهات الطلبة، بحيث ينظرون لريادة الأعمال كخيار جذاب للعمل .

ويمكن القول بأنه جملة من أنماط التعليم المنتظم، الذي يقوم على تعليم وتدريب المشاركين في برامج التنمية المختلفة، والمتمثلة في وضع برنامج توعوي بأهمية الريادة ومن ثم تأسيس وتطوير مشروعات الأعمال الصغرى؛ فتسهم هذه الأساليب التعليمية لتزويد المشاركين بحزمة من المهارات المتعلقة بالريادة وتحفيزهم لمزيد من التعلم والإبداع والثقة في الذات.

وبذلك فأن التعليم الريادي يهدف غلى تطوير الابتكار والمبادرة لدى الفرد، من خلال المشاركة في بناء المعرفة عن طريق اكتساب المعلومات وتوليدها ومعالجتها، ليصبح الفرد بارعًا في بيئته، ويقدم مقترحات عمل قيمة لنفسه ولمجتمعه، ويسعى للاستفادة من الفرص الجديدة.

ويمكن بيان الدور الأساسي الذي يمكن أن يؤديه رواد الأعمال في بناء اقتصادات الدول وتنمية قدراتها التنافسية العالمية. ففي أمريكا ذاتها تحقق مشاريع رواد الأعمال الصغيرة ما يزيد على  47%من إجمالي المبيعات الكلية ، ويزيد عددها على 22 مليون مشروع صغير، كما تقوم بتوظيف نحو  53%من القوى العاملة، وتسهم بما نسبته  50%من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الأمريكي.

وتصل هذه المساهمة إلى 43% في كوريا الجنوبية و 56%في تايوان و 60%في الصين و 70% في هونج كونج في حين لا تتجاوز مساهمتها  28%في السعودية.

وتعد تلك المشاريع أساسا لتطور الدولة ونمو اقتصادها وتنافسية موقعها الدولي. وقد أوضحت الإحصاءات المنشورة في عام 2019م أن إجمالي الإنفاق على ريادة الأعمال في الولايات المتحدة تجاوز (1.7 مليار) دولار ثم قفز هذا الإنفاق ليصل إلى (2.3 مليار) دولار عام 2021.

إن الهدف الرئيس للتعليم الريادي في الجامعة، هو إعداد جيل من الرياديين والمبدعين في مجال الأعمال، يقدمون إبداعًا على شكل منتج أو خدمة، أو عملية أو مدخل جديد من الأعمال أو مشروع جديدًان أو اختراعًا او اكتشافًا، وقد حددت الأهداف التفصيلية والفرعية للتعليم الريادي في الجامعات على النحو الاتي:

1. زيادة وعي الطلبة حول التوظيف الذاتي.
2. بناء اتجاهات إيجابية للطلبة نحو الريادة، وتعزيز الروح والنزعة الريادية وإثارة الدافعية لدى الطلبة لبناء تصور أفضل لمهنة المستقبل.
3. تطوير السمات والمهارات الشخصية للطلبة، تساعدهم لبناء قاعدة للتفكير والسلوك الريادي.
4. تعزيز التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في المجتمع، من خلال عمليات التحديث والتجديد التي يحدثها الرياديون في جميع المجالات التي سيعملون بها في المستقبل.
5. تعزيز مهارات بناء العلاقات والاتصال الإيجابي في بيئة تربوية لمهنة المستقبل.

Abstract

Women role in achieving sustainable development becomes as a one of most important issues in societies in general and in Iraq as a special case. She has a great role as her partner (man) has especially in achieving economic development; instead of this fact but the path is still not clear and long to say that! Due to the global numbers that shared internationally without serious scientific logic treatment; where statistical numbers refer that Iraq still in level (154 out of 156) around the world; and for economic & educational sectors in specific, unfortunately Iraqi women register around (0.228/1) and (0.8/1) respectively as Global Economic Institute announced in 2021. 

In order to understand this fact, there is a benefit to review the real role of Iraqi women in establishing societies’ infrastructure and trying to decrease the gap especially in her role in education, health-care, in addition to employ and invest her innovative ideas into pioneer projects.

Abstract

It is not superfluous to claim that Iraqi banks are not technologically advanced. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that affect the adoption of electronic banking services in the Iraqi banking industry. The researchers focused on discussing and examining three main factors: the technological factor, the systems factor (legal and economic), and the environment factor (internal and external). The researchers used the descriptive approach in presenting and discussing the theoretical framework of the research and previous studies. Then they used the analytical statistical approach in examining the influencing factors. The questionnaire method was used to collect primary data from the research sample, which represented 16 Iraqi banks. 101 questionnaires suitable for analysis were obtained. Compiling the answers and analysing them statistically. The results of the study indicated that the main obstacles facing the Iraqi banking industry in adopting electronic banking services are: security risks, lack of trust, lack of a legal and regulatory framework, lack of information and communications technology infrastructure, and lack of competition between local and foreign banks. The researchers proposed a series of measures that the banking industry and government could take to address the various challenges identified. These measures include: creating a clear set of legal frameworks on the use of technology in the banking industry, supporting the banking industry by investing in ICT infrastructure, and banks should focus on competing in technological innovation rather than the traditional rules of retail banking competition.

Abstract

The research aims to clarify and define sovereign wealth funds and their importance in preserving oil wealth revenues for the future while ensuring their equitable distribution for the future of future generations, as well as proposing an objective vision or drawing an integrated picture of the possibility of creating a sovereign fund for Iraq by preparing the general structure of the fund with the creation mechanism for that All of the justifications for the creation of an Iraqi sovereign fund and its importance and the objectives of the Iraqi sovereign fund were mentioned, as well as the possibilities of employing sovereign wealth funds in managing the financial crisis in Iraq. Economic represented by restructuring public spending in favor of investment spending, activating the role of non-oil revenues in financing the budget and addressing corruption, which is a structural factor that must be addressed.

Abstract

This research addresses the extent of digital transformation in the Iraqi banking sector, with a focus on a selected sample of Iraqi private banks. The research addresses the extent to which these banks adopt digital technologies to enhance their operations and customer services through quantitative analysis. The results reveal that although there is a growing interest in digital transformation Among Iraqi banks, the digital transformation in Iraqi private banks is still in its early stages compared to global trends. Although there is a growing recognition of the importance of digital technologies by banks, many of them still rely heavily on traditional banking methods, and this is due to This disparity is largely due to different levels of investment in digital infrastructure and different degrees of openness to technological change among bank management, and adoption rates remain uneven across the banking sector. This disparity is largely due to different levels of investment in digital infrastructure and different degrees of openness to technological change among bank management.

Despite these challenges, many banks have begun to implement digital solutions such as online banking, mobile applications and electronic payment systems to meet evolving customer expectations and increase competitiveness. This research highlights the need for strategic investment in digital infrastructure and regulatory reforms to enhance the environment. Conducive to digital innovation, it also emphasizes the importance of educating and raising awareness among customers to increase the adoption of digital banking services, which ultimately contributes to the modernization and growth of the sector.

Abstract

Given the swift digital changes occurring in the Banking industry, the purpose of this paper is to examine how well artificial intelligence systems can forecast and protect against future disasters.  By utilizing its skills in big data analytics, forecasting financial behavior, and more accurately and effectively managing risks, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly regarded as a crucial component in the development of banking systems and improving their operational efficiency.

 By enhancing client satisfaction, tailoring banking services to meet the demands of each individual, and cutting down on operational errors and administrative expenses, banks hope to gain a competitive edge by utilizing these technologies.  AI also helps to speed up credit decisions, make it possible to identify financial crime early, and create clever marketing plans based on forecasts of future market trends.

In order to ensure financial sustainability and achieve integration between digital transformation and the demands of banking innovation, studies show that the future of AI encompasses strategic, cultural, human, technological, and organizational dimensions in addition to technical ones.

 The paper also examined a number of anticipated long-term effects of AI applications, such as increased forecasting precision, lower operating expenses, better customer satisfaction, increased worker productivity, and assistance with investment choices.  The findings show that implementing AI applications in the banking sector is a strategic requirement to guarantee long-term growth and competitiveness in the digital era, not a technical luxury.

In order to enhance lending decisions and lower default risks, the paper also assesses how well a number of categorization algorithms work in assessing loan applicants' creditworthiness.  Using a dataset that represented the traits and financial activities of clients, seven machine learning techniques were used: Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Extra Trees, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, SVC-RBF, and KNN.

The paper used a database of 21 variables for loan applicants. Numerical variables included (age, income, credit score, debt-to-income ratio, and loan amount). Descriptive variables included (loan purpose, region, marital status, employer, educational level, and application channel). Binary variables included (whether or not the applicant had a history of default). These variables were used to predict the approval or rejection decision, with the dependent variable being represented by two values: 0 for rejection and 1 for approval.

The models were evaluated using the following six key performance indicators: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score, Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve (ROC AUC), and Brier Score.   The findings demonstrated that the Gradient Boosting algorithm performed best overall in both probability prediction quality and customer differentiation across different risk levels.  The Random Forest algorithm, which showed stability and balanced metrics, came next.  On the other hand, despite its moderate performance, Logistic Regression provided great interpretability, while the Gaussian Naive Bayes algorithm demonstrated high sensitivity in identifying high-risk customers.  In terms of overall accuracy and probability quality, some models—like SVC-RBF and KNN—performed worse.

Abstract

The higher education sector is considered one of the important sectors and is referred to as the vital artery due to its great importance in providing the labor market and state institutions with expertise, skills and human energies. This sector's contribution to the development process by keeping pace with modern technology and sciences and its possession of enormous human competencies, expertise and potential has made this sector a major focus of interest for other sectors. The main purpose of the study is how to maintain the quality of performance and sustainability of quality through sustainable development. A random sample of workers in the higher education sector was taken and the questionnaire was the main tool for data collection, where (235) questionnaires were distributed, of which (192) were valid for use. The (SPSS) and (AMOS) Structural Equation Model (SEM) version (25) were used to analyze the data and results. There is a significant positive statistical relationship between transactional leadership and sustainable development. In addition, there was a significant impact and role of the mediating variable (performance quality) on the relationship between the independent variable (transactional leadership) and the dependent variable (sustainable development (.

Abstract

The research aims to determine the impact of intellectual capital on the profitability of business organizations, by identifying the availability of intellectual capital requirements with its three components (human, structural and customer) in achieving profitability , the research problem centered on the statement whether there is investment And real employment of intellectual capital in the company, the sample of the research, and the research was applied in Zain Iraq company  for communications, and the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the data was collected through the annual report of Zain Iraq published in the Iraqi Stock Exchange and for the years (2017-2019). And based on financial analysis and using personal interviews and field observations, the most prominent findings of the researcher were that the dimensions of intellectual capital affect the profitability of business organizations in varying proportions and in a positive way, and there was a logical justification for accepting the main hypothesis, at the same time, there are decrease in the level of training and development expenses for employees, and increase in the level of turnover of assets, was noted. The company also worked on the research sample to pay attention to attracting competent employees who have great experience in the required jobs, the research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of them was realize the importance of intellectual capital and work to develop and maintain it to achieve a high level of profits and also adopt expanded investment policies in order to create returns on their assets to achieve net profits after Tax, which gives more strength to the company.

Abstract

The study aimed to know the role of drug-addicted workers in reducing job performance in its dimensions (non-adherence to work hours, misconduct, and low employee productivity). To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted. A questionnaire consisting of (31) paragraphs was developed, and a random sample was drawn so that the study sample consisted of (146) workers in a selected ministry from Baghdad (Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Planning). The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon, and the results were analyzed using the (SPSS) program and descriptive statistics tools. It was concluded that most of the sample members agreed that workers in the ministries surveyed have low drug use and that the job performance of workers in the ministries is good due to the low drug use by workers and that drug-addicted workers cause a decrease in job performance and that this decrease is reflected in the form of frequent absence, misconduct, and low productivity. The most prominent recommendations were the need to conduct awareness courses and implement programs to eliminate addiction in the workplace.

Abstract

This research aims to test the relationship and impact between green finance strategies (environmental, social, economic, governance, and compliance) and the management of climate change risks (physical, liability, and transition). The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach to achieve its objectives. It analyzed the reality of three private Iraqi banks: the National Bank of Iraq, the International Development Bank, and the Bank of Baghdad. To collect the necessary data, a field questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of managers, department heads, employees, and others working in private banks in Iraq. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, 50 for each bank, and 124 valid responses were retrieved for statistical analysis. The researcher used the SPSS program to analyze the statistical data, test the hypotheses, and measure the relationships between the variables. The study also referred to the Egyptian experience as a model for implementing green finance strategies and addressing climate change. The research focused on two main hypotheses: the first assumes a significant correlation between green finance strategies and climate change risks across the various dimensions such as environmental, social, economic, governance, and compliance. The second hypothesis assumes that green finance strategies have a statistically significant impact on the management of climate change risks at both the main and sub-variable levels. The importance of the research lies in introducing and deepening the understanding of green finance and climate change issues, and in analyzing the extent to which green finance contributes to addressing climate-related risks. The results of the analysis confirmed the validity of all hypotheses, revealing statistically significant relationships between the strategies (environmental, social, economic, governance) and the three types of climate risks (physical, liability, and transition), which confirms the growing awareness of the importance of green finance.

Abstract

في ظل التحديات البيئية المتزايدة والتغيرات المناخية الحادة، باتت الحاجة ملحة إلى اعتماد نماذج اقتصادية مستدامة تراعي الحفاظ على البيئة وتدعم في الوقت ذاته النمو الاقتصادي والاجتماعي. ويُعد الاستثمار في اقتصاديات الكربون أحد أبرز الحلول المطروحة لتحقيق هذا التوازن، كونه يدمج بين تقليل الانبعاثات الكربونية وتعزيز الابتكار الاقتصادي الأخضر. تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية العلاقة بين هذا النوع من الاستثمار وأهداف التنمية المستدامة، مع التركيز على الفرص والتحديات المرتبطة به، وأمثلة دولية وعربية ناجحة في هذا المجال.

Abstract

The study aims to find the relationship between internal auditing of the quality of sustainability reports and the quality of financial reports after auditing, and the extent to which banks respond. Based on the changes resulting from stakeholders and their pressures on an ongoing basis  To come to the conclusion that the preparation of high-quality sustainability reports has a significant positive correlation with the quality of financial reports after auditing, the correlation between the quality of sustainability reports and the quality of financial reports after audit is conditional on the quality of the audit process. The results of the study showed that Islamic banks rely on reporting principles that focus on the quality of sustainability reports and these principles are particularly important for stakeholders to determine the quality of sustainability reports. the quality of the audit process has an impact on improving the quality of sustainability and financial reports by increasing confidence and credibility of accounting information and the absence of errors, and manipulating accounts, which improves the quality of information, leading to its reliance on decision-making. The study recommended that Islamic banks conduct internal audits based on "quality control" in order to reach a professional and impartial report by the Internal Audit Department that benefits all stakeholders and shareholders, and to apply the six rules of the principles of quality sustainability reports, through full disclosure of information, statement of impacts, assistance to stakeholders or beneficiary clients in decision-making, identification of procedures and the development of proposed hypotheses for the preparation of such disclosures.

Abstract

تُعدّ مشكلة النفايات من أبرز التحديات البيئية التي تواجه المجتمعات المعاصرة نتيجة النمو السكاني والتوسع الحضري والتطور الصناعي. وقد برزت ثقافة تدوير النفايات كأحد الحلول الفعالة لتحقيق الاستدامة البيئية من خلال تقليل التلوث والمحافظة على الموارد الطبيعية وتحقيق التنمية المستدامة.

Abstract

Universities worldwide have recognized the challenges of digital transformation in the face of rapid technological advancements, which have become an integral part of the educational system for all academic programs. This integration brings numerous advantages to all stakeholders in the educational process. Traditional methods, techniques, and tools have become outdated, prompting universities to enter into agreements with specialized global companies in technology, software, and tools. These agreements aim to equip their infrastructure for the educational process across various academic programs and disciplines, building knowledge and skills for students and preparing them for the job market in the era of digital transformation affecting all sectors.

Digital transformation is no longer an option but a necessity for institutions striving to enhance their efficiency and ensure their sustainability. The rapid growth of digital technology, advancements in smart devices and systems, increased data processing capabilities, and artificial intelligence have led to revolutionary changes. Dealing with the digital society requires investment in human resources and competencies possessing digital skills, capabilities, passion, ambition, and dialogue. This entails adopting a comprehensive approach to teaching methods, focusing on future requirements.

As mentioned earlier, digital transformation has become an urgent necessity that educational institutions seek to establish and dedicate. Educational technologies and digital platforms are not just concepts; they are now essential practices for the educational and learning processes. Universities need to leverage digital technologies to improve educational processes and practices, enhance learner and teacher experiences, and support the creation of effective and enduring educational models. Digital transformation helps universities operate more efficiently, remain competitive in global rankings and accreditations, and succeed in preparing learners for digital work environments.

In this context, digitization is a necessity in higher education institutions, attracting top students and improving the experience of courses, educational materials, and training processes in general. It enables monitoring and tracking to identify obstacles and challenges in training and reduce the risk of dropout. However, hesitation in understanding and seizing opportunities to move towards this digital environment still exists. It is essential for digital transformation to align with communication principles, ensuring its commitment to meet the expectations of various groups interested in economic, social, and environmental dimensions.

Abstract

The research aims to analyze the complex paradox between the necessity of expanding the use of clean and renewable energy sources as a primary objective of sustainable development, and the inherent risks associated with using lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) as high-reliability and high-efficiency energy storage devices, given the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. The research problem was summarized by assessing the capacity and flexibility of international measures and policies aimed at achieving sustainable development in confronting the inherent risks and challenges arising from the use of these batteries. The most prominent findings indicated a significant and growing negative impact on the (social, environmental, and economic) advantages achieved by expanding clean and renewable energy production. Consequently, there are negative repercussions on the (economic, social, and environmental) dimensions of the sustainable development process. The most important recommendations strongly emphasized the necessity of enacting legislation to regulate the management of this type of hazardous waste. Furthermore, they stressed the need for adequate support from stakeholders, particularly producers, to ensure that the current poor regulation and management of these practices do not cast their heavy shadow onto governments in the future, compelling them to deal with the resulting crises.

Abstract

The research aims to review the role of green banking in achieving environmental sustainability, by clarifying the basic concepts of green banks and environmental sustainability, and identifying the most important advantages of green banks, and thus showing the effectiveness of using green banking products and services in achieving environmental sustainability.

The study was carried out in a sample of Iraqi banks, and to achieve the goal of the research, the questionnaire was used as a main tool for data collection, and it consists of (50) paragraphs for the purpose of measuring the dimensions of the study, according to the (Likart) scale with five-weights, and statistical methods were used to process the data for the purpose of reaching the results. Depending on the statistical analysis program (SPSS).

The research has a main hypothesis that there is a statistically significant relationship between green banks and environmental sustainability. The research reached a main conclusion, which is that Iraqi banks possess great material and human capabilities that, through their proper employment, can play a greater role in the process of protecting the environment.

And the most important recommendations of the research is the necessity of cooperation and unifying efforts between the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance by drawing a road map for converting all Iraqi banks to green banks that care about the environment.

Abstract

This research aims to demonstrate the importance of entrepreneurship in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Malaysia, as interest in entrepreneurship has increased at the present time, due to technological progress and the competitive environment of local, international and global projects that had a great impact on the business environment. Entrepreneurship is important in the growth of the economy The country at the macro level and on the growth and expansion of projects and their access to material and financial resources, in order to gain customer satisfaction, increase profitability and market share, and small and medium enterprises can only thrive in a society in which there is an entrepreneurial spirit, love of free work, willingness to take risks, adopt new ideas and understand the mechanisms of competition In the global market. The research problem arises in showing the level of entrepreneurship in Jordan and Malaysia, and this will be done through three sections, the first one includes the theoretical side of the research, and the second topic includes an analysis of the experiences of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and Malaysia, and the third topic includes an analysis of Jordan’s data on entrepreneurship

Abstract

The research aims to find out the extent of the existence of Banking Entrepreneurial in private ethnic commercial banks, as all banks seeking Entrepreneurial need to be able to manage able to find a kind of harmony, between their capabilities and technical skills and total knowledge, and possessing the vision of the future to achieve the bank's objectives, to reach a strong competitive position, and highlight the problem of how interested private banks are in the pure leadership of the research sample banks is (Ashur Bank Al-Mansour Bank, Baghdad Bank) has found a weakness in the indicators of banking leadership and recommended the need to adopt a culture of Banking Entrepreneurial and support creativity and innovation and encourage it. The research will be dealt with through four investigations, the first research includes the methodology of the research, the second discussed the theoretical aspect of the research and the third research included the practical aspect of the research, and the fourth discussed the conclusions and recommendations

Abstract

Abstract

Financial inclusion, defined as the process of ensuring access to appropriate financial services for all individuals and businesses, plays a crucial role in driving economic development and reducing poverty. In this context, universal banks—also known as full-service or universal banks—have emerged as key players in promoting financial inclusion by offering a wide range of financial services under one roof. These institutions provide individuals and businesses with access to savings, credit, insurance, investments, and payment services, which are essential for participating in modern economic activities.

Abstract

In today's highly competitive business environment, information is the most important resource for all organizations, whether in the public or private sector. In most cases, this information is found in paper documents. Information capture systems (scanning, indexing) represent the first step in information management, allowing documents to be converted from a physical to an electronic format, as well as extracting the required information from them through digital archiving.

We also record our personal experiences and life events digitally on computers, phones, and other electronic devices, in the form of documents, emails, images, social media, and audio/video files. So, here digitization and digital archiving are very important?

Digitization and digital archiving, as an information security system, helps you to better manage personal information and records in digital repositories in an effective and secure way. It is about how you manage information and how you can make the most of it in an effective way that benefits you and your organization.

Digital archiving of documents is one of the main drivers of economic transformation, as information analysis allows you to benefit from making better decisions, which is essential for any organization regardless of its size, type, or complexity.

The development of technology and electronic communication systems in our lives has made it necessary to adopt them as a solution to the old problems that organizations face in their work. The difficulty of storing paper and keeping it safe from damage, despite the urgent need to return to it at times, led to the invention of a way to invest this technology in storing documents and information electronically. This resulted in the emergence of what is called digital archiving. Digital archiving is a necessity for website owners and businesses, as it is safe and secure in storing and retrieving all the required electronic data and files over the long term.

The process of digital archiving works to index electronic documents and files, and keep them until they are needed. It organizes this data and provides a copy of the original for use in research, auditing, and legal purposes.

The importance of digital archiving can be summarized in the following points:

• Quick access to the required information compared to the traditional archive method.
• No need to return to the paper archive and search through piles of papers.
• The ability to keep a huge amount of information that paper archiving cannot sometimes store.
• Reducing the number of employees (hidden unemployment) and tools, thus reducing the financial cost of companies.
• Facilitating the process of information exchange and sharing with others.
• Dispensing with unnecessary data.
• Developing the efficiency and quality of work using modern technologies.
• No need for large spaces in offices and institutions, and utilizing this space for more useful work.
• Conserving the environment by reducing waste and saving paper.

Digital archiving can also store a large number of data and information that is difficult to store in the traditional archive as it is an effective and scalable method.

Digital archiving plays an important role in meeting regulatory requirements through the use of technologies. The data stored is not subject to change or modification. Through digital archiving, you can find the required information regardless of its size.

In addition to providing security means for information by identifying the people who can access it with the ability for more than one user to enter at the same time. Digital archiving also features ease of use remotely, the ability to meet the needs of the organization, and at the same time reduces the risks that the organization may face during work. In addition to its ability to restore damaged data, the ability to export data and save incoming faxes and types of emails, and the ease of handling different types of files.

Therefore, the emergence of modern information technologies has necessitated a re-examination of the traditional concepts related to the archive and the processing of its contents of documents and dealing with them. The digital archive has emerged in all its technological dimensions, and it has taken on great importance due to its close association with the contemporary digital environment, going beyond the idea of digitization and electronic archiving of the traditional paper archive, to electronic practice in a purely digital environment. There are institutions that produce, store, and retrieve their archives in a purely electronic way in unprecedented conditions traditionally.

Additional notes:

• I have tried to preserve the meaning of the original text as much as possible while making it grammatically correct and fluent in English.
• I have also added some clarifications and explanations where necessary to make the text easier to understand for an English-speaking audience.
• I have used the term "digital archiving" throughout the translation, as this is the most common term used in English to refer to this concept.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are essential for enhancing payment security and improving customer experience in financial institutions. This research aims to examine the challenges faced by Mastercard in Australia and Visa in Singapore in implementing these technologies. The study focuses on three main areas: challenges related to fraud and privacy, the strategies employed by both companies to address these challenges, and the impact of AI applications on customer satisfaction and trust. The research adopts an analytical methodology that combines both qualitative and quantitative data, relying on diverse sources including academic studies and annual reports. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of AI applications varies across the two markets, reflecting different responses to local challenges. For instance, Mastercard demonstrates a greater reliance on machine learning technologies in Australia to combat fraud, while Visa in Singapore focuses more on enhancing privacy and data protection. The study offers strategic recommendations aimed at improving payment security and customer experience, such as increasing transparency in data usage and strengthening communication with customers. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of AI in financial services, providing valuable insights for companies and practitioners in the sector. By addressing the unique challenges of each market, customer satisfaction can be enhanced and greater trust in digital payment services can be fostered.

Abstract

The study targeted a critical issue in the Iraqi economy, represented by the challenges facing political and economic decision-makers in supporting the Iraqi industry. The study analyzed the government logistical support for entrepreneurs and the mechanisms for incubating their small entrepreneurial projects in light of the current challenges (environmental, economic) that prevent the effectiveness of these projects in supporting the national economy.
A questionnaire was designed to the five-point Likert scale and covered four areas (legislation, the economic policies, the financial support, and the advisory services). The questionnaire included twenty questions that reflect the challenges facing the entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurs of small entrepreneurship.
A simple random sample was drawn based on the rule of (100) observations from the community of entrepreneurs whose entrepreneurial projects fall under the Industrial Development Directorate at the Ministry of Industry and the Central Bank of Iraq. The survey results indicated the small entrepreneurial projects effectively supporting the national industry could achieve by integrating the incubate mechanisms of these projects with government logistical support to sustain their growth and effectiveness in the Iraqi economy.

Abstract

This study aimed to analyse the impact of using clean energy on climate change management, by identifying the nature and importance of clean energy, and its impact on reducing or confronting climate change, in addition to highlighting successful experiences in a number of developing and developed countries. The study highlighted the experiences of the UAE and Norway, examining their clean energy policies and their success in leveraging the benefits offered by this use. It demonstrated that successful investment in clean energy not only contributes to reducing carbon emissions, but also supports economic sustainability and enhances countries' resilience to the effects of climate change. The study also highlighted the importance of a clear institutional and legislative framework for the success of these transformations. The study relied on a key hypothesis: the use of clean energy has an impact on climate change management. The study concluded that the use of clean energy represents an effective tool for mitigating emissions and building a sustainable future. Renewable energy sources are characterized by their continuous renewal, and therefore are a continuous and inexhaustible source of energy. Climate change is a rapidly accelerating global phenomenon resulting from carbon emissions resulting from various human activities. Oil-producing countries seeking to achieve sustainability do not seek to abandon oil immediately, but rather adopt long-term strategies based on economic diversification, expanding the share of renewable energy, improving resource efficiency, and developing infrastructure in accordance with global environmental standards. One of the most important recommendations reached by the research is the necessity of providing full support and adopting a gradual strategic approach by governments to shift from dependence on fossil fuels to diversifying energy sources while enhancing investment in clean energy projects, by benefiting from the experiences of countries, especially Norway and the Emirates, which maintained their economic stability during the transition process, as well as the necessity of educating decision-makers and society about the importance of using clean energy as an important option to confront the challenge of climate change and achieve a sustainable future.

Abstract

Introduction:

The world is facing a number of challenges, including climate change. Climate change is caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, causing the planet to warm.

The Arab World and Climate Change:

The Arab world is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change. The region is already experiencing the effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, and changes in agricultural yields.

The Impacts of Climate Change:

The impacts of climate change are already being felt around the world. They include:

• Rising sea levels: Sea levels are rising due to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets. This is causing coastal flooding and erosion, and is displacing people and communities.
• More extreme weather events: Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These events are causing damage to property and infrastructure, and are leading to loss of life.
• Changes in agricultural yields: Climate change is affecting agricultural yields, making it more difficult to produce food. This is leading to food insecurity and malnutrition.
• Loss of biodiversity: Climate change is causing the loss of biodiversity, as plants and animals are unable to adapt to changing conditions.

Solutions to Climate Change:

There are a number of things that can be done to address climate change. These include:

• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions: This can be done by switching to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and reducing deforestation.
• Adapting to the impacts of climate change: This can be done by building infrastructure that is more resilient to extreme weather events, and by developing new agricultural practices that are more resistant to climate change.
• Financing climate action: Developing countries need financial assistance to help them reduce their emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.

Conclusion:

Climate change is a serious threat to the Arab world and the world as a whole. It is important to take action to address this challenge, and to ensure that the region is prepared for the impacts of climate change.