Search Results for عبير Jassim
Abstract
The research aims to identify the changes in the values of GDP in Jordan, which are accompanied by changes of production factors represented by physical capital and human capital after its development through spending on education, and to show what these indicators generate from important and clear effects on improving the productivity of capital elements. Which in turn contributes to economic growth, and that the weak productivity of the factors of production, labor and capital, weakens the role of the productive apparatus in increasing the growth rates of GDP. These variables have been analyzed based on the descriptive approach. The research found that there are large and fluctuating changes in the gross domestic product in Jordan, which were accompanied by changes in the values of physical capital and human capital after spending was made on educating human cadres in Jordan and making them more effective and more contributing to increasing production rates and thus raising the growth rates of GDP. Overall, the development of physical capital by taking advantage of the increases in national income and raising the percentage of spending on education from the national income for the purpose of developing human capital in order to increase the productivity of the production elements and increase the rates of economic growth in Jordan
Abstract
Foreign trade is an important component of any country's economy because it reflects the extent of the interdependence of this country, the extent of its relations with the countries of the other world, the extent to which mutual benefits are, achieved between these countries and the relative advantages achieved for each country. The customs tariff, as a financial and protectionist tool, has an important role in influencing the balance of payments through the trade balance. Any country that suffers from a deficit in the trade balance, especially developing countries due to the high volume of imports over exports, resorts to the customs tariff because it is the easiest and safest tool to treat this deficit whose effects on The balance of payments as well as the amount of existing foreign exchange reserves to be able to fill the deficit in the remaining balance of payments accounts, such as the financial account, for example,
There is no doubt that the customs tariff exerts an indirect influence on the movement of local investments by giving allowances or emphasizing the import of raw materials or by imposing high tariffs on foreign investors so that the local investor can protect himself and secure his investments inside the country, and this was reversed in a hypothetical indicator To clarify the effect of the tariff on these investments, the research reached an important conclusion, which is the weak effect of the customs tariff on the overall macroeconomic variables due to the weak awareness of the economic authority of the importance of this element and that the trade openness had a negative impact on foreign trade, the expansion of the import structure, and the stability of the structure of exports. The recommendations stipulated in the research is to activate the social and economic role of the tariff by directing customs revenues towards supporting and strengthening the economic sectors to confront foreign competition
Abstract
As a result of the transformation process that the Iraqi economy witnessed after 2003 towards the application of the market economy mechanism in line with the developments witnessed by the global economy in application of the policy of openness, which contributed to the emergence of the phenomenon of commercial dumping, which caused severe effects on the main sectors of the Iraqi economy (agricultural and industrial), which led to an increase Inflation and unemployment rates and the increase in the tendency to consume, which is reflected in the increase in the volume of Iraqi imports after 2003 in the absence of legislation and laws that protect national products and regulate import operations as a result of the apparent weakness in the control bodies and the absence of the development plan for finding solutions to reduce the effects of the phenomenon of trade dumping